Английская Википедия:Franz Schieß
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Franz Schieß (21 February 1921 – 2 September 1943) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace. He claimed 67 victories in 657 missions, (14 on the Eastern Front, and 53 against the Western Allies) whilst flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109.
Career
Schieß, also known as Franz Schiehs, was born on 25 February 1921 in Wörth, part of Sankt Pölten, in Lower Austria.Шаблон:Sfn During the Polish campaign, he saw service in the Army before transferring to the Luftwaffe and undergoing fighter pilot training in 1940. Schieß was posted to the Geschwaderstab (Headquarters) of Jagdgeschwader 53,[1] based on the Channel front in March 1941, then served, from December 1941, as Geschwader Adjutant.[2] Staying there for nearly two years, he established a close friendship with the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn.Шаблон:Sfn
On 22 June 1941, the opening day of Operation Barbarossa, Schieß scored his first victories destroying an Polikarpov I-153 biplane fighter and an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber.Шаблон:Sfn The members of his Staffel called him "Nawratil", after his radio call sign name. After achieving 14 kills on the Eastern Front he was withdrawn in August, along with the rest of JG 53.
Malta and North Africa
The ground personnel of JG 53 began their relocation to Sicily in late November 1941. The Geschwaderstab followed on 13 December via Mannheim-Sandhofen, Munich-Riem, Naples, finally arriving at Comiso Airfield on 15 December.Шаблон:Sfn Operating from Sicily, Schieß flew sorties over Malta scoring 11 victories. Throughout 1942, and re-equipped with the new Bf 109G-2, he outscored his Geschwaderkommodore.Шаблон:Sfn In November, the Stab flight itself transferred to Tunisia, where Schieß continued his success, gaining a further 13 victories, including a B-17 four-engined bomber on 29 January 1943 (36th v.)
Leutnant Schieß was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 23 January 1943 as a member of Stab/JG 53.Шаблон:Sfn
Squadron leader
On 16 February 1943, the now Oberleutnant Schieß was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 53. He succeeded Oberleutnant Jürgen Harder who had been transferred.Шаблон:Sfn He was regarded as one of the most enthusiastic and aggressive pilots in the Mediterranean theatre, and often flew the escort missions for the Ju 52 transports as they tried to evacuate personnel out of Africa. On 18 April he shot down a Spitfire (for his 43rd victory), but nevertheless 24 heavy-laden transports were shot down and a further 35 damaged, in what became known as the "Palm Sunday Massacre".Шаблон:Sfn
Even when his unit was evacuated back to Sicily after the fall of Tunis in April 1943, he still flew over to Tunisia each day doing combat missions before returning to Sicily each night, writing home of "wonderful aerial combats".Шаблон:Sfn He went on to score 29 victories as leader of 8./JG 53Шаблон:Sfn and reached 50 kills shooting down a P-38 over the sea south of Sicily on 21 May. Schieß was awarded the Knight's Cross on 21 June for 55 victories and then was sent on leave for 2 months, thereby missing the air battles over the invasion of Sicily. Returning to 8./JG 53 in mid-August, his unit was now flying out of southern Italy against the Allies, who were mounting a concerted campaign to destroy the transport net prior to an invasion of the Italian mainland. Schieß shot down 12 enemy aircraft in 11 days, of which seven were P-38 twin-engine fighters. Together with Harder of III./JG 53, Schieß was promoted to the rank of Hauptmann (captain) on 1 September 1943.Шаблон:Sfn
Death
The next day, on 2 September 1943, Schieß led a scramble against a USAAF North American B-25 Mitchell bomber formation attacking rail marshalling yards at Cancello, Naples. His unit engaged the fighter escort of P-38 Lightnings. Unable to break through the fighter screen to attack the bombers, he followed the force back over the Gulf of Salerno.Шаблон:Sfn His final battle took place over the island of Ischia; at around 13:45, the pilots heard Franz Schieß radio: "At them again, everyone get ready!" At the time, the formation was Шаблон:Convert southwest of Ischia when Hauptmann Schieß's wingman was forced away by two Lightnings and lost sight of his Staffelkapitän.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Ten of the P-38s were shot down, but Schieß's Bf 109 G-6 "Black 1 + I" (Werknummer 160 022—factory number) crashed into the Mediterranean Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ischia in the Gulf of Salerno.Шаблон:Sfn Though not witnessed, he was probably shot down by a P-38.Шаблон:Sfn
On September 27 Günther von Maltzahn wrote to Schieß's parents expressing the close friendship they shared:Шаблон:Sfn
I ask that you and your husband accept my and my Geschwader's most sincere and heartfelt sympathy on the unspeakably hard stroke of fate which befell your son Franz.
I can sympathize with how hard it must be to come to terms with thoughts that you will never see your son Franz again in this life. One could not have wished for a better officer. Not only did there exist a comradeship and a mutual trust between Kommodore and adjutant that was tested in far more than 100 air battles, but in him I lost my best friend, on whom I could depend no matter what the situation.
He is credited with 67 aerial victories in 657 missions. Among those were 17 P-38 Lightnings, making him the highest scoring "Lightning-Killer" of the war.
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Schieß was credited with 67 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Schieß with 67 aerial victories claimed in 540 combat missions. This figure includes 13 aerial victories in North Africa, a further 40 aerial victories in the Mediterranean theater and 14 more on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 68 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This number includes 14 claims on the Eastern Front and 54 over the Western Allies, including three four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 6 August 1941 | |||||||||
1 | 22 June 1941 | 07:25 | I-153 | northwest of KobrynШаблон:Sfn | 8 | 14 July 1941 | 11:00 | SB-3Шаблон:Sfn | |
2 | 22 June 1941 | 16:35 | DB-3 | Biała PodlaskaШаблон:Sfn | 9 | 20 July 1941 | 17:52 | I-15Шаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Uman |
3 | 24 June 1941 | 10:00 | SB-2 | northwest of KobrynШаблон:Sfn | 10 | 23 July 1941 | 06:33 | I-16Шаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Uman |
4 | 24 June 1941 | 10:10 | SB-2 | vicinity of KobrynШаблон:Sfn | 11 | 24 July 1941 | 11:45 | I-16Шаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Uman |
5 | 29 June 1941 | 19:55 | SB-3Шаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Bobruysk | 12 | 25 July 1941 | 18:14 | I-15 | northeast of Bila TserkvaШаблон:Sfn |
6 | 6 July 1941 | 14:05 | DB-3 | east of PolonneШаблон:Sfn | 13 | 26 July 1941 | 11:00 | V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn | |
7 | 7 July 1941 | 06:15 | SB-3 | east of PolonneШаблон:Sfn | 14 | 29 July 1941 | 17:02 | SB-3Шаблон:Sfn | |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 15 December 1941 – 31 December 1942 | |||||||||
15 | 25 January 1942 | 10:49 | Hurricane | south of MaltaШаблон:Sfn south of La Valletta |
24 | 17 October 1942 | 13:41?Шаблон:Refn | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north of La VallettaШаблон:Sfn |
16 | 24 February 1942 | 16:00 | HurricaneШаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Malta | 25 | 17 November 1942 | 13:37 | Spitfire | Bône harbourШаблон:Sfn |
17 | 15 June 1942 | 15:15 | Beaufighter | west of LinosaШаблон:Sfn | 26 | 25 November 1942 | 12:00 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Majaz al BabШаблон:Sfn |
18 | 7 July 1942 | 10:47 | SpitfireШаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Malta | 27 | 3 December 1942 | 11:41 | P-38 | La Garaet AchkilШаблон:Sfn |
19 | 9 July 1942 | 12:20 | SpitfireШаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Malta | 28 | 4 December 1942 | 16:04 | Boston | Шаблон:Convert south of JefnaШаблон:Sfn |
20 | 14 July 1942 | 10:32 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Zonqor Point Malta |
29 | 5 December 1942 | 15:40 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert west of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn |
21 | 18 July 1942 | 14:33 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn | Шаблон:Center | 5 December 1942 | 15:42 | P-38 | west of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn |
22 | 26 August 1942 | 13:17 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert south of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn | 30 | 6 December 1942 | 15:58 | Dragonfly | Шаблон:Convert south of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn |
23 | 11 October 1942 | 14:35 | SpitfireШаблон:Sfn | vicinity of Malta | 31 | 18 December 1942 | 11:08 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert west of JefnaШаблон:Sfn |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 1 January – 15 February 1943 | |||||||||
32 | 2 January 1943 | 09:07 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert east of BôneШаблон:Sfn | 35 | 17 January 1943 | 14:00 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of BéjaШаблон:Sfn |
33 | 4 January 1943 | 12:23 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert southwest of SbeitlaШаблон:Sfn southwest of Pichon |
36 | 29 January 1943 | 11:10 | B-17 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of BéjaШаблон:Sfn |
34 | 16 January 1943 | 13:48 | Hurricane | Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of TebourbaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mateur |
37 | 29 January 1943 | 11:30 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of Bou AradaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Mateur |
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 16 February – 2 September 1943 | |||||||||
38 | 26 February 1943 | 17:02 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn | 54 | 11 June 1943 | 15:37 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert northwest of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn |
39 | 25 March 1943 | 09:44 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert northwest of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn | 55 | 25 June 1943 | 12:13 | B-17 | Шаблон:Convert south of StromboliШаблон:Sfn |
40 | 5 April 1943 | 19:00 | Spitfire | southwest of BéjaШаблон:Sfn | 56 | 19 August 1943 | 12:20 | B-17 | Шаблон:Convert southeast of BeneventoШаблон:Sfn |
41 | 11 April 1943 | 09:59 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north of MateurШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Tunis |
57 | 20 August 1943 | 12:43 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert north of GrazzaniseШаблон:Sfn |
42 | 17 April 1943 | 19:14 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert north of Medjez el BabШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Cap Vito |
58 | 21 August 1943 | 13:04 | B-26 | Шаблон:Convert west of CapuaШаблон:Sfn |
43 | 18 April 1943 | 18:07 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert southwest of MateurШаблон:Sfn | 59 | 22 August 1943 | 12:17 | B-26 | Шаблон:Convert southwest of CapriШаблон:Sfn |
44 | 29 April 1943 | 16:02 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert north of Cape FarinaШаблон:Sfn | 60 | 23 August 1943 | 11:30 | Catalina | south of CapriШаблон:Sfn |
45 | 8 May 1943 | 18:45 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert southeast of Cape BonШаблон:Sfn | ?Шаблон:Refn | 26 August 1943 | 12:52 | B-26 | |
46 | 8 May 1943 | 19:00 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of ZembraШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Kelebia |
61 | 26 August 1943 | 12:52?Шаблон:Refn | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert south of GaetaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Grazzanise |
?[Note 1] | 11 May 1943 | 12:25 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert southwest of Marsala | 62 | 27 August 1943 | 12:39?Шаблон:Refn | B-25 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of CapuaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Benevento |
47 | 18 May 1943 | 14:15 | P-38 | northwest of TrapaniШаблон:Sfn | 63 | 27 August 1943 | 12:51?Шаблон:Refn | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert west of BeneventoШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Capri |
49 | 19 May 1943 | 13:47 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert west of MarettimoШаблон:Sfn | 64 | 28 August 1943 | 15:43 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert east of AltamuraШаблон:Sfn east of Castel Volturno |
50 | 21 May 1943 | 11:24 | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert north of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn | 65 | 28 August 1943 | 15:51?Шаблон:Refn | P-38 | east of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Albaccora |
51 | 25 May 1943 | 11:03?Шаблон:Refn | P-38 | Шаблон:Convert northwest of TrapaniШаблон:Sfn | 66 | 30 August 1943 | 12:06 | P-38 | southwest of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn |
52 | 6 June 1943 | 06:42 | Boston | Шаблон:Convert northwest of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn | 67 | 30 August 1943 | 12:15 | P-38 | southwest of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn |
53 | 10 June 1943 | 15:50 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert west of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 7 September 1942 as Leutnant and pilotШаблон:Sfn
- German Cross in Gold on 23 January 1943 as Leutnant in Stab/Jagdgeschwader 53Шаблон:Sfn
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 June 1943 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 53Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
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- Smith, J.Richard & Pegg, Martin (2003). Jagdwaffe Vol 3, Sec3: War over the Desert June 1940 – June 1942 Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Шаблон:ISBN
- Roba, Jean-Louis & Pegg, Martin (2003). Jagdwaffe Vol 4, Sec2: The Mediterranean 1942 – 1943 Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Шаблон:ISBN including colour profile of aircraft (p. 167)
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