Английская Википедия:French adverbs
Шаблон:Unreferenced Шаблон:Expand French
Шаблон:French language Adverbs in French, like in English, are used to modify adjectives, other adverbs, and verbs or clauses. They do not display any inflection; that is, their form does not change to reflect their precise role, nor any characteristics of what they modify.
Formation
In French, as in English, most adverbs are derived from adjectives. In most cases, this is done by adding the suffix Шаблон:Lang ("-ly") to the adjective's feminine singular form. For example, the feminine singular form of Шаблон:Lang ("slow") is Шаблон:Lang, so the corresponding adverb is Шаблон:Lang ("slowly"); similarly, Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("happy" → "happily").
As in English, however, the adjective stem is sometimes modified to accommodate the suffix:
- If the adjective ends in an Шаблон:Lang, then Шаблон:Lang is added to the masculine singular (default) form, rather than to the feminine singular form:
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("real" → "really")
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("polite" → "politely")
- If the adjective ends in Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, then the Шаблон:Lang is stripped and Шаблон:Lang is added:
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("constant" → "constantly")
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("recent" → "recently") (Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang have the same pronunciation: Шаблон:IPA-fr)
- Some adjectives make other changes:
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("precise" → "precisely")
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("nice" → "nicely")
Some adverbs are derived from adjectives in completely irregular fashions, not even using the suffix Шаблон:Lang:
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("good" → "well")
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang ("bad" → "badly")
- Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang (the adjective "better" → the adverb "better")
- traditionally, Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang (the adjective "worse" → the adverb "worse") or more commonly, Шаблон:Lang → Шаблон:Lang
And, as in English, many common adverbs are not derived from adjectives at all:
- Шаблон:Lang ("thus" or "this way")
- Шаблон:Lang ("quickly")
Placement
The placement of French adverbs is almost the same as the placement of English adverbs.
An adverb that modifies an adjective or adverb comes before that adjective or adverb:
- Шаблон:Lang ("completely true")
- Шаблон:Lang ("not possible")
- Шаблон:Lang ("too well cooked" or "overdone")
An adverb that modifies an infinitive (verbal noun) generally comes after the infinitive:
- Шаблон:Lang ("to walk slowly")
But negative adverbs, such as Шаблон:Lang ("not"), Шаблон:Lang ("not any more"), and Шаблон:Lang ("never"), come before the infinitive:
- Шаблон:Lang ("not to walk")
An adverb that modifies a main verb or clause comes either after the verb, or before the clause:
- Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang ("Slowly he began to walk" or "He began slowly to walk")
Note that, unlike in English, this is true even of negative adverbs:
- Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang ("Never have I done that" or "I have never done that")
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