Английская Википедия:Fuath
A fuath (Шаблон:Lang-gd; Шаблон:IPA-gd; lit. ‘hatred'; Шаблон:Small fuathan; Шаблон:Small vough, vaugh) is a class of malevolent spirits in Scottish Highland folklore, especially water spirits.
In Sutherland was the so-called Moulin na Vaugha/Fouadh, ‘Mill of the Fuath', haunted by the fuath and her son, the amorphous brollachan. The mill was along a stream off Loch Migdale, and belonged to the Dempster family (Skibo Castle) estate.
A fuath once seen at this mill was a nose-less banshee with yellow hair wearing a green silk dress; in the story of its captureШаблон:Efn it was tormented into submission by use of steel (awl, and more effectively by a sewing needle), but it turned to a jellyfish-like mass when light was shone on it. A fuath on the estate farm, encountered on a different occasion, had webbed feet.
They sometimes reputedly intermarry with human beings (typically the female), whose offspring have developed a mane and tail.
Nomenclature
The term "fuath" has been explained to be a generic class of spirits inhabiting the sea, rivers, fresh water, or sea lochs,[1][2] with several "subspecies" falling under it.[3]
The Scottish Gaelic term fuath has been explained to mean 'hatred' or 'aversion', derived from Old Irish fúath 'hate, likeness'.[3] The term is also glossed to mean 'ghost' or 'spectre'.[4]
An alternative name for this class of monsters is the arrachd or fuath-arrachd.[3]
Generalization
Aquatic nature
J. F. Campbell characterized the fuath of Sutherland as a water spirit,[5] but it has been stressed by John Gregorson Campbell that the term designates a spectre or goblin more generally, not necessarily of aqueous nature or habitat.[6]
Conflated description
J. F. Campbell also conflated the traits of the fuath from different accounts in a generalized description of the fuath of SutherlandШаблон:Efn[5] and this has also fallen under criticism by Gregorson.[6]Шаблон:Efn
Furthermore, J. F. Campbell ascribed the mane and tail to the fuath, though these traits had evidently developed in the human progeny of the Munroe family, to which there was attached a floating rumour that their ancestor had interbred with a fuath several generations back.[7]Шаблон:Refn
While it has been generalized that the fuath of the locality wears green,[5] "golden and silken gear" was worn by the weird woman seen plunging into the River Shin was seen by a (games)keeper of the Charlotte Dempster's family.[8]
Tales
The story of "The Brollachan" (and several of its variant tales) from Sutherland were collected by Charlotte Dempster in 1859, and supplied to J. F. Campbell who printed it. The stories are set in locales within the Dempster family estate (otherwise known as Skibo)[9][10]Шаблон:Refn The writer Charlotte was a relative of the Dempsters of the estate (being the granddaughter of Harriet, the illegitimate daughter of the captain).[10]
- (1) J. F. Campbell ed. (1860) "The Brollachan" (Popular Tales II, Tale #37);[11] Charlotte Dempster ed. (1888) "The Brolachan MacVaugh"[12] Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Refn
- Two redactions collected from the same storyteller.Шаблон:Efn The brollachan is the son of a fuath, as the latter title indicates.Шаблон:Refn[13][2] The brollachan possesses eyes and mouth, but a shapeless mass of a body, and capable of speaking only two words/phrases, "Myself" and "Yourself" (mi-phrein and tu-phrein).[13][14]Шаблон:Refn
- The brollachan was lying at the mill when the "Allay na Moulin" Murray, the resident alms-receiving crippled man around the mill came and stoked the fire with peat, causing burns on him. But due to the limits of his vocabulary, the blob could not properly speak the name of the perpetrator.Шаблон:Refn
- (2) J. F. Campbell ed. (1860) "Moulion na Fuadh";[15] Dempster ed. (1888) "The Vaugh of Moulinna Vuagha"[13] Шаблон:Small
- A man who lives in Inveran wagers he can go and capture the "kelpie" of the mill (also called the vough, vaugh) and return. He succeeds thanks to a black-muzzled dog, and binds the kelpie to a second horse. When fording the burn at the far end (south) of Loch Migdale the vough grows agitated, and the man pokes it with an awl and a sewing needle into submission. The creature declares the needle is worse. Upon arrival, when the others shine a light at it, it falls down, a shapeless jelly-like clump, which is much like the so-called "dropped stars" of the moors, strange objects like beached jellyfish.
- (3) J. F. Campbell ed. (1860), untitled variant;[16] Dempster ed. (1888) "The Banshee, or Vaugh, or Weird Woman of the Water"[9] Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Efn
- At the mill haunted by the brollachan, a banshee was spotted who had yellow hair like ripened wheat, wearing a fine silk green dress, but she had no nose.
- (4) J. F. Campbell ed. (1860), untitled variant;[17] Dempster ed. (1888) "The Web-footed Kelpie"[8] Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Efn
- The (family's) shepherd found a dirty and lamed banshee and piggybacked her, until he noticed her webbed feet, throwing her off and flinging away the plaid she lay on.
Fuath tribe members
Below are the supposed "subspecies" of the fuath class, according to certain commentators.[18]
- peallaidh[1][2][3]
- fideal[2][3]
- beithir, in modern oral tradition[3]
- ùruisg, or at least many of themШаблон:RefnШаблон:Efn[2][3]
- shellycoat[3][2]
- nuckelaveeШаблон:Efn[2]
Similar beings
Similarity or equivalence to the bean nighe or Northern Ireland's uisges have been noted.Шаблон:Citation needed
Explanatory notes
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation (U.S. edition)
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation, Vol. 1, Vol. 2)
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Citation; text @ Internet Archive
- Шаблон:Citation
External links
Шаблон:Scottish mythology Шаблон:Fairies
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокmackenzieне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbriggs-fuathне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокmackillop-fuathне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокmacleod-dict-fuathне указан текст - ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Шаблон:Harvp. He gives an amalgamated descriptions of the fuath, drawing from the main brollachan tale and variants 1.–5. He is also quoted in Шаблон:Harvp
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jg-fuathне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jf-PTWH037.3не указан текст - ↑ 8,0 8,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокdempster-3.13a-webне указан текст - ↑ 9,0 9,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокdempster-3.12-bansheeне указан текст - ↑ 10,0 10,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокevansне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jf-PTWH037-brollachanне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокdempster-3.8-brolachanне указан текст - ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокdempster-3.7-moulinnaне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbriggs-brollachanне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jf-PTWH037.1не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jf-PTWH037.4не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокcampbell_jf-PTWH037.5не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Harvp. "Highland subspecies of the fuath include the beithir, fideal, pellaidh, and ùruisg.
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