Английская Википедия:Fulminic acid
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Chembox
Fulminic acid is an acid with the formula HCNO, more specifically Шаблон:Chem2. It is an isomer of isocyanic acid (Шаблон:Chem2) and of its elusive tautomer, cyanic acid (Шаблон:Chem2), and also of isofulminic acid (Шаблон:Chem2).[1]
Fulminate is the anion Шаблон:Chem2 or any of its salts. For historical reasons, the fulminate functional group is understood to be Шаблон:Chem2 as in isofulminic acid;[2] whereas the group Шаблон:Chem2 is called nitrile oxide.
History
This chemical was known since the early 1800s through its salts and via the products of reactions in which it was proposed to exist,[3] but the acid itself was not detected until 1966.[1]
Structure
Fulminic acid was long believed to have a structure of H–O–N+≡C−. It wasn't until the 1966 isolation and analysis of a pure sample of fulminic acid that this structural idea was conclusively disproven.[3] The chemical that actually has that structure, isofulminic acid (a tautomer of the actual fulminic acid structure) was eventually detected in 1988.[3]
The structure of the molecule has been determined by microwave spectroscopy with the following bond-lengths - C-H: 1.027(1)Å, C-N: 1.161(15)Å, N-O: 1.207(15)Å.[4]
Synthesis
A convenient synthesis involves flash pyrolysis of certain oximes. In contrast to earlier syntheses, this method avoids the use of highly explosive metal fulminates.[5]
References
Шаблон:Hydrogen compounds Шаблон:Molecules detected in outer space
Шаблон:Explosive-stub
Шаблон:Acid-stub