Английская Википедия:Gabriel of Basra
Шаблон:Short description Gabriel of Baṣra (fl. 884–893) was a bishop and jurist of the Church of the East.
Little is known of Gabriel's life other than that he was metropolitan of Baṣra in 884 and 893.Шаблон:Sfn
Sometime in the last quarter of the ninth century, he compiled the first nomocanon (collection of canon law) in the history of the Church of the East. Only fragments of the original Syriac survive, but the work can be largely reconstructed because of its extensive quotation and citation in the Arabic collection Fiqh al-Naṣrāniyya of Ibn al-Ṭayyib (11th century) and the Syriac Nomokanon of ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha (14th century).Шаблон:Sfn Hubert Kaufhold performed the work of reconstruction, publishing it with a German translation in Die Rechtssammlung des Gabriel von Baṣra (1976).Шаблон:Sfn The original title of the work is unknown.Шаблон:Sfn Sebastian Brock calls it Collection of Judgements.Шаблон:Sfn
Gabriel's nomocanon is structured in the form of questions and answers, although this is a purely formal device for introducing quotations from his sources.Шаблон:Sfn Only in the section on liturgy are the questions real and the answers possibly the original the work of Gabriel.Шаблон:Sfn Gabriel's quotations are often abbreviated and not always word for word. The work as a whole is divided into two parts. The first concerns matrimonial law and hereditary law among other topics relating to Christians in the world.Шаблон:Sfn His sources were listed as "the fathers, catholicoi, metropolitans and the Greek emperors".Шаблон:Sfn Of the 48 questions in this part, only the last 28 survive in their original form.Шаблон:Sfn The second part concerns the liturgy and institutions of the church, such as monasteries, hospitals and schools.Шаблон:Sfn One of its most interesting questions concerns artisans' organizations, which includes some Arabic terminology. For this part his sources are "the synodical canons of the Western and Eastern Fathers", by which he means the synods of the Roman church and the Church of the East.Шаблон:Sfn Only fragments of the second part survive in their original form.Шаблон:Sfn
Among Gabriel's identifiable sources are the 73 forged canons attributed to Marutha of Maypherqaṭ, the Syro-Roman law book, the Synodicon Orientale, a letter of the Catholicos Timothy I and a letter of the Catholicos Ishoʿ bar Nun.Шаблон:Sfn He also used the legal writings of East Syriac scholars like Ishoʿbokht, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir and ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- 9th-century births
- People from Basra
- 9th-century archbishops
- 9th-century bishops of the Church of the East
- Church of the East canonists
- Nestorians in the Abbasid Caliphate
- Church of the East writers
- Syriac writers
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