Английская Википедия:Gardiki Castle, Corfu

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Шаблон:Infobox military installation

Gardiki Castle (Шаблон:Lang-gr) is a 13th-century Byzantine castle on the southwestern coast of Corfu and the only surviving medieval fortress on the southern part of the island.[1][2] It was built by a ruler of the Despotate of Epirus,[3] and was one of three castles which defended the island before the Venetian era (1401–1797). The three castles formed a defensive triangle, with Gardiki guarding the island's south, Kassiopi Castle the northeast and Angelokastro the northwest[4]

Origins and location

Файл:Corfu Gardiki Castle R01.jpg
Detail of one of the towers of the castle

The castle dates from the thirteenth century and is located on a low hill near the village of Agios Matthaios, which is situated at a higher elevation.[5][6] The ruler responsible for the construction of the castle is not known, but it is assumed that it was built either by Michael I Komnenos or his son Michael II Komnenos, rulers of the Despotate of Epirus.[6] Immediately to the south of the castle lies Korissia Lake which is separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land.[7][8]

Файл:Gardiki entrance.jpg
The entrance to the castle

Remains from the upper Paleolithic era, dating from 20,000 B.C., when Corfu was still united to the mainland region of Epirus, were found on the site of the castle at the rock shelter of Grava Gardikiou, including hunter-gatherer stone tools and animal bones,[9] which have since been removed and are exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Corfu.[3][10]

The location of Gardiki at the narrow southwest flank of Corfu provided protection to the fields and the southern lowlands of Corfu and in combination with Kassiopi Castle on the northeastern coast of the island and Byzantine Angelokastro protecting the northwestern shore of Corfu, formed a triangular line of defence which protected Corfu during the pre-Venetian era.[3][4][11]

Architecture

The walls of Gardiki Castle form an octagon and the structure features eight strong towers decorated by rows of tiles. There are elements from an ancient structure which have been incorporated into the construction of the castle. The ancient structure was probably a fountain-house.[1][5][6]

The eight towers are square in shape and the outline of the octagonal structure is almost elliptical. At the top of the southern tower there are traces of a chapel with remnants of religious frescoes of portraits of saints.[1][3] Although in a state of disrepair, the towers still retain their full height.[1] The castle entrance is preserved but the interior is in a state of ruin.[7][8]

Gardiki Castle is considered one of the most imposing architectural remains in the Ionian Islands,[12] along with Angelokastro, Kassiopi Castle and the two Venetian Fortresses of Corfu City, the Citadel and the New Fort.[12]

Historical reference

Corfiote noble Andrea Marmora,[13] the earliest historian of Corfu in medieval times, in his 1672 book Della Historia di Corfù mentions that the despots of Epirus adorned the city of Corfu with "most noble buildings" and built defences in other places on the island, including the fortresses of Gardiki and Angelokastro amongst other important sites.[14][15][16]

Architectural highlights

References

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Landmarks of Corfu Шаблон:Byzantine Greece Шаблон:Castles in Greece Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Andrea Marmora, Della Historia di Corfù, 1672, Libro 4, p. 210 "Adorno egli di nobilissimi edificii la Città; fabbricò in posto, molto atto alla difesa, il castel S. Angelo; fortificò Gardichio e altri luoghi importanti sù l'Isola..."
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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