Английская Википедия:German cruiser Leipzig
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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Lang was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers built by the German navy. She had one sister ship, Шаблон:Ship. Шаблон:Lang was laid down in April 1928, was launched in October 1929, and was commissioned into the Шаблон:Lang in October 1931. Armed with a main battery of nine Шаблон:Convert guns in three triple turrets, Шаблон:Lang had a top speed of Шаблон:Convert.
Шаблон:Lang participated in non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War. In the first year of World War II, she performed escort duties for warships in the Baltic and North seas. While on one of these operations in December 1939, the ship was torpedoed by a British submarine and badly damaged. Repairs were completed by late 1940, when she returned to service as a training ship. She provided gunfire support to the advancing Шаблон:Lang troops as they invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
In October 1944, Шаблон:Lang collided with the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship; the damage was so severe that the navy decided complete repairs were unfeasible. The ship was patched up to keep her afloat, and she helped to defend Gotenhafen from the advancing Red Army in March 1945. She then carried a group of fleeing German civilians, reaching Denmark by late April. After the end of the war, Шаблон:Lang was used as a barracks ship for minesweeping forces and was scuttled in July 1946.
Design
Шаблон:Lang was Шаблон:Convert long overall and had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draft of Шаблон:Convert forward. She displaced Шаблон:Convert at full load. Шаблон:Lang had a crew of 26 officers and 508 enlisted men.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Her propulsion system consisted of two steam turbines and four 7-cylinder MAN two-stroke double-acting diesel engines,Шаблон:Sfn which were the basis for the unsuccessful US Navy Hooven-Owens-Rentschler design.Шаблон:Sfn Steam for the turbines was provided by six Marine-type, double-ended, oil-fired water-tube boilers. The ship's propulsion system provided a top speed of Шаблон:Convert and a range of approximately Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert using only the diesel engines.Шаблон:Sfn
The ship was armed with a main battery of nine [[15 cm SK C/25|Шаблон:Cvt SK C/25]] guns mounted in three triple gun turrets. One was located forward, and two were placed in a superfiring pair aft, all on the centerline. They were supplied with between 1,080 and 1,500 rounds of ammunition, for between 120 and 166 shells per gun. As built, the ship was also equipped with two [[8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun|Шаблон:Cvt SK L/45]] anti-aircraft guns in single mounts; they had 400 rounds of ammunition each. Шаблон:Lang also carried four triple torpedo tube mounts located amidships; they were supplied with twenty-four Шаблон:Convert torpedoes. She was also capable of carrying 120 naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was Шаблон:Convert thick amidships and an armor belt that was Шаблон:Cvt thick. The conning tower had Шаблон:Convert thick sides.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
Шаблон:Lang was laid down at the Шаблон:Lang shipyard in Wilhelmshaven on 28 April 1928 and launched on 18 October 1929. She was commissioned into the Шаблон:Lang on 8 October 1931.Шаблон:Sfn The ship trained extensively in the Baltic Sea throughout 1932 and 1933, and also made several goodwill cruises overseas. In 1934, she and the cruiser Шаблон:Ship made the first goodwill visit to the United Kingdom since the end of World War I. In late 1934, Шаблон:Lang went into drydock for modifications. An aircraft catapult was installed on the aft superstructure and a crane for handling float planes replaced one of her boat derricks. The original single-mount 8.8 cm anti-aircraft guns were replaced with twin mounts. These modifications were made in Kiel. In early 1935, Шаблон:Lang joined the old pre-dreadnought battleship Шаблон:SMS, the new heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship, and the light cruiser Шаблон:Ship for major fleet exercises.Шаблон:Sfn
Later in 1935, Adolf Hitler visited the ship during training maneuvers with the rest of the fleet. The ship joined her sister Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Lang for exercises in the Atlantic Ocean in early 1936. In August, Шаблон:Lang took part in the non-intervention patrols off Spain during the Spanish Civil War. She conducted several patrols between August 1936 and June 1937,Шаблон:Sfn and in late June, she was allegedly attacked with torpedoes; this prompted Germany and Italy to withdraw from the non-intervention patrols.Шаблон:Sfn She thereafter returned to Germany and went into the Baltic Sea for training, which lasted through 1938. In March 1939, she participated in the annexation of Memel which Germany had demanded from Lithuania. The following month, she joined the battleship Шаблон:Ship, the cruiser Шаблон:Lang, and several destroyers and U-boats for major exercises in the Atlantic. Additional maneuvers were conducted through the middle of 1939.Шаблон:Sfn
World War II
1939–1940
At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Шаблон:Lang was assigned to the blocking force that was intended to prevent the escape of the Polish Navy from the Baltic; they were unsuccessful. Шаблон:Lang thereafter went to the North Sea, where she and the other light cruisers laid a series of defensive minefields. This task lasted through the end of the month, after which she returned to the Baltic for training maneuvers.Шаблон:Sfn On 17–19 November, Шаблон:Lang covered a minelaying operation in the North Sea. She joined Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, and three torpedo boats for a sweep in the Skagerrak for Allied shipping on 21–22 November. Шаблон:Lang was tasked with escorting the battleships Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Lang through the Skagerrak, and with covering their return on the 27th.Шаблон:Sfn
On 13 December, Шаблон:Lang was tasked with escorting a flotilla of destroyers and other small vessels as they proceeded through the Skagerrak to lay a minefield. While en route, the British submarine Шаблон:HMS attacked the German warships, and at 11:25, hit Шаблон:Lang with a torpedo. The torpedo hit Шаблон:Lang just below the waterline, where a bulkhead separated two of the ship's three boiler rooms. The explosion bent her armored deck and damaged her keel; some Шаблон:Convert of water flooded the ship, and the damage cut electrical power to the ship's pumping system. The two boiler rooms were flooded, steam lines were damaged, and the port turbine was shut down. At around the same time, her sister Шаблон:Lang was also torpedoed. A pair of destroyers arrived to escort the damaged cruisers back to port; an hour after Шаблон:Lang was torpedoed, one of the escorting destroyers was also torpedoed, just outside the mouth of the Elbe. Another torpedo passed just ahead of Шаблон:Lang, nearly hitting the damaged cruiser.Шаблон:Sfn
While en route back to Germany on 14 December, Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang came under attack from the British Royal Air Force (RAF).Шаблон:Sfn Approximately 20 Vickers Wellington bombers from No. 99 Squadron were intercepted by fighters from II. Шаблон:Lang (2nd group) of Шаблон:Lang (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) under the leadership of Шаблон:Lang Carl-Alfred Schumacher in the vicinity of Spiekeroog and Wangerooge. The RAF bombers failed to further damage the cruisers as JG 77 pilots claimed seven and one probable bomber shot down, including one claimed by Шаблон:Lang Herbert Kutscha. RAF records indicate that six bombers were lost in the attack.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After safely returning to port in Kiel, Шаблон:Lang was taken into the Шаблон:Lang shipyard for repairs. She was decommissioned while under repair and reclassified as a training ship. To accommodate additional training crews, four of the ship's boilers were removed. She returned to service in late 1940.Шаблон:Sfn
1941–1946
In early June 1941, she escorted the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Lang (formerly Шаблон:Lang) to Norway. After she returned to the Baltic, she and the cruiser Шаблон:Ship provided artillery support to advancing German ground forces during Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn In September, she supported the invasion of the Baltic islands in the West Estonian archipelago. While bombarding Soviet positions on Moon Island, Шаблон:Lang was attacked unsuccessfully by the Soviet submarine Шаблон:Ship. In late September, the ship joined the German Baltic Fleet, centered on the battleship Шаблон:Ship; the fleet was tasked with blocking a possible Soviet attempt to break out of the Baltic.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Lang returned to Kiel in October, and conducted maneuvers with the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship. Шаблон:Lang became the flagship of the training fleet in 1942; she spent the year performing training duties.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Lang was decommissioned briefly in March 1943, and recommissioned on 1 August. She was in need of an overhaul, however, and the work significantly delayed her return to operational status. Furthermore, an outbreak of meningitis killed two crewmen and created an additional delay. Шаблон:Lang returned to escort duties in the Baltic in mid-September 1944. Her first operation covered troop transports between Gotenhafen and Swinemünde in company with Шаблон:Lang. On 14 October, Шаблон:Lang departed Gotenhafen, bound for Swinemünde, to take on a load of mines. In a heavy fog, she collided with the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship, which was steaming at Шаблон:Convert. At the time of collision, Шаблон:Lang was switching from her diesel cruise engines to her steam turbine main engines, a process of first uncoupling the diesels from the shafts and then coupling turbines to the shafts, which left the ship temporarily without propulsion, drifting out of her fairway into the path of Шаблон:Lang which was moving the opposite direction. Шаблон:Lang struck Шаблон:Lang on her port side, just forward of her funnel, cutting her nearly in half - the forward point of the clipper bow of Шаблон:Lang actually stuck out beyond the starboard side of Шаблон:Lang. The collision destroyed the number 3 (port) engine room, flooded a second engine room and killed or wounded 39 crewmen. The ships remained stuck fast for over a day, after which Шаблон:Lang was towed back to Gotenhafen.} The damage was so severe that repairs were deemed impractical, especially considering Germany's pressing military situation by late 1944. Only repairs to keep her afloat in the harbor were effected.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Lang provided fire support to the defending German forces in March 1945, while Soviet Red Army forces advanced on the city. On 24 March, Шаблон:Lang was moved to Hela, laden with refugees; she was capable of steaming at only Шаблон:Convert. She was repeatedly attacked by Soviet aircraft, and Allied submarines attempted to torpedo her twice. She nevertheless safely reached Denmark on 29 April. Due to her poor state following the end of the war, she was used as a barracks ship for the men of the German Mine Sweeping Administration, tasked with clearing mines off the German coast. The battered ship was eventually towed out and scuttled in July 1946.Шаблон:Sfn
Footnotes
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References
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Further reading
Шаблон:Leipzig class cruiser Шаблон:October 1944 shipwrecks Шаблон:1946 shipwrecks
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