Английская Википедия:German submarine U-23 (1936)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

German submarine U-23 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built in Germaniawerft, Kiel. She was laid down on 11 April 1936 and commissioned on 24 September.

Design

German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-23 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was Шаблон:Convert, however.Шаблон:Sfn The U-boat had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of Шаблон:Convert for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-23 was fitted with three Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft gun]]. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

At 04:45 on 4 October 1939, U-23 scored one of the KriegsmarineШаблон:'s early successes of the war when she torpedoed and sank with gunfire, the merchant ship Glen Farg about Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Sumburgh Head (southern Shetland). One person died, while 16 survivors were picked up by Шаблон:HMS and landed at Kirkwall the next day.

In 16 patrols U-23 sank seven ships for a total of Шаблон:GRT including two warships, as well as damaging a warship and an auxiliary warship.

Over the course of her service with the Kriegsmarine, U-23 had ten commanding officers, the most famous of whom was Kapitänleutnant Otto Kretschmer, who went on to become the top scoring U-boat ace. After service in the Atlantic with the 1st U-boat Flotilla, U-23 served as a training boat with the 21st U-boat Flotilla from July 1940 until September 1942. U-23 was then transported in sections along the Danube to the Romanian port of Galați. She was then re-assembled by the Romanians at the Galați shipyard and sent to the Black Sea port of Constanţa, Romania, with the 30th U-boat Flotilla until September 1944.[1]

Fate

U-23 was scuttled by her crew on 10 September 1944, off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea at position Шаблон:Coord to prevent her capture by the advancing Soviets.

On 3 February 2008, The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that U-23 had been discovered by Selçuk Kolay, a Turkish marine engineer, in Шаблон:Convert of water, three miles from the town of Ağva.[2][3]

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate[4]
4 October 1939 Glen Farg Шаблон:Flagcountry 876 Sunk
8 December 1939 Scotia Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,400 Sunk
11 January 1940 Fredville Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,150 Sunk
12 January 1940 Danmark Шаблон:Flagcountry 10,517 Total loss
23 January 1940 Varild Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,085 Sunk
18 February 1940 Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy 1,375 Sunk
19 February 1940 Шаблон:SS Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,225 Sunk
22 February 1940 Loch Maddy Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,996 Total loss
24 August 1943 Shkval Шаблон:Navy 35 Sunk
15 October 1943 TSC-486 Sovetskja Rossiya Шаблон:Navy 1,005 Damaged
23 October 1943 Tanais Шаблон:Flagcountry 372 Sunk
5 April 1944 SKA-099 Шаблон:Navy 56 Damaged
29 May 1944 Smelyj Шаблон:Flagcountry 71 Sunk
1 September 1944 Oituz Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,686 Sunk

References

Notes

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Citations

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Bibliography

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External links

Шаблон:TypeIIsubmarine Шаблон:September 1944 shipwrecks

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  1. ↑ Steel and Ice: The U-boat Battle in the Arctic and Black Sea 1941-45, Chapter 5 - The Black Sea: War in the South 1942-43, page 5
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web


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