Английская Википедия:German submarine U-99 (1940)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service recordGerman submarine U-99 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 31 March 1939 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 593. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire.
U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of Шаблон:GRT of Allied shipping in eight patrols. She damaged five more ships and took one vessel as a prize. U-99 was sunk on 17 March 1941 by British destroyer HMS Walker while attacking convoy HX 112.
Design
German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-99 had a displacement of Шаблон:Convert when at the surface and Шаблон:Convert while submerged.Шаблон:Sfn She had a total length of Шаблон:Convert, a pressure hull length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, a height of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two Шаблон:Convert propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum submerged speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; when surfaced, she could travel Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. U-99 was fitted with five Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|Шаблон:Convert SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and one [[2 cm Flak 30|Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
From April to June 1940, the crew of U-99 were under training, based at Kiel and St. Nazaire.
First patrol
On 18 June, U-99 departed Kiel for operations in the North Sea west of Norway. An Arado Ar-196 seaplane from the German battlecruiser Шаблон:Ship attacked her, having mistaken her for a British submarine. Two days later, U-99 was attacked by two aircraft; minor damage was inflicted.[1] She returned to Kiel on 25 June.
Second patrol
U-99 departed Wilhelmshaven on 27 June to patrol southwest of Ireland. On 29 June, she was attacked by British aircraft. A crash dive was carried out with the result that the boat hit the seabed, causing some damage which was able to be repaired.[1] On this patrol U-99 sank six ships and captured one, the Estonian Шаблон:GRT cargo steamship Merisaar, carrying a load of timber from New Orleans, to Cork, Ireland.)[2] An attack on the Шаблон:GRT Шаблон:SS was called off on 7 July, when the defensively equipped merchant ship returned fire.[3] On 8 July, over 100 depth charges were dropped by the escorts of Convoy HX 53, but U-99 escaped undamaged.[1] The patrol ended on 21 July.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 July 1940 | Magog † | Шаблон:Flag | 2,053 | Sunk |
7 July 1940 | Bissen | Шаблон:Flag | 1,514 | Sunk |
Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 5,360 | Escaped | |
Sea Glory | Шаблон:Flag | 1,964 | Sunk | |
8 July 1940 | Humber Arm ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 5,758 | Sunk |
12 July 1940 | Ia | Шаблон:Flag | 4,860 | Sunk |
Merisaar* | Шаблон:Flag | 2,136 | Captured as prize | |
18 July 1940 | Woodbury | Шаблон:Flag | 4,434 | Sunk |
† Convoy HX 52, ‡ Convoy HX 53, * sunk by German bombing, 15 July 1940
Third patrol
On 25 July, U-99 departed Lorient for the North Atlantic. Four ships were sunk and three others damaged. On the 31st, the escorts of Convoy OB 191 dropped 20 depth charges on the boat without effect. Later that evening, a flying boat also attacked her, again without causing any damage.[1] The patrol ended on 5 August.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
28 July 1940 | Auckland Star | Шаблон:Flag | 13,212 | Sunk |
29 July 1940 | Clan Menzies | Шаблон:Flag | 7,336 | Sunk |
31 July 1940 | Jamaica Progress | Шаблон:Flag | 5,475 | Sunk |
Jersey City † | Шаблон:Flag | 6,322 | Sunk | |
2 August 1940 | Alexia †, ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 8,016 | Damaged |
Lucerna †, ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 6,556 | Damaged | |
Strinda †, ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 10,973 | Damaged |
† Convoy OB 191, ‡ Damaged
Fourth patrol
U-99 departed Lorient on 4 September for the North Atlantic; seven ships were sunk. The patrol ended on the 25th. U-99 was slightly damaged in an air raid on Lorient on 27 September.[1]
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 September 1940 | Albionic | Шаблон:Flag | 2,468 | Sunk |
15 September 1940 | Kenordoc † | Шаблон:Flag | 1,780 | Sunk |
16 September 1940 | Lotos † | Шаблон:Flag | 1,327 | Sunk |
17 September 1940 | Шаблон:SS ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 2,372 | Sunk |
21 September 1940 | Baron Blythswood * | Шаблон:Flag | 3,668 | Sunk |
Elmbank * | Шаблон:Flag | 5,156 | Sunk | |
Invershannon* | Шаблон:Flag | 9,154 | Sunk |
† Convoy SC 3, ‡ Convoy HX 71, * Convoy HX 72
Fifth patrol
On 13 October, U-99 departed Lorient to patrol the North West Approaches. Six ships from Convoy SC 7 were sunk and another was damaged. The patrol ended on 22 October.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 6,055 | Sunk |
Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 4,815 | Sunk | |
Niritos | Шаблон:Flag | 3,854 | Sunk | |
19 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS † | Шаблон:Flag | 3,106 | Damaged |
Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 5,154 | Sunk | |
Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 1,643 | Sunk | |
Thalia | Шаблон:Flag | 5,875 | Sunk |
Sixth patrol
U-99 departed Lorient for the North West Approaches on 30 October 1940; four ships were sunk. The patrol ended on 8 November.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 November 1940 | Casanare | Шаблон:Flag | 5,376 | Sunk |
Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 18,724 | Sunk | |
4 November 1940 | HMS Patroclus | Шаблон:Navy | 11,314 | Sunk |
5 November 1940 | Scottish Maiden † | Шаблон:Flag | 6,993 | Sunk |
† Convoy HX 83
Seventh patrol
On 27 November, U-99 departed Lorient for the North Atlantic. Four ships were sunk. The patrol ended on 12 December.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 December 1940 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 16,402 | Sunk |
Samnanger | Шаблон:Flag | 4,276 | Sunk | |
3 December 1940 | Conch † | Шаблон:Flag | 8,376 | Sunk |
7 December 1940 | Farmsum ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 5,237 | Sunk |
† Convoy HX 90, ‡ Convoy OB 252
Eighth patrol
U-99 departed Lorient on 22 February 1941 to patrol in the North Atlantic; eight ships were sunk. U-99 was attacked herself, with severe damage inflicted. Kretschmer surrendered and scuttled the submarine with the loss of three lives.
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] (GRT) | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 March 1941 | Athelbeach † | Шаблон:Flag | 6,568 | Sunk |
Terje Viken | Шаблон:Flag | 20,638 | Sunk | |
16 March 1941 | Beduin ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 8,136 | Sunk |
Ferm ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 6,593 | Sunk | |
Franche-Comté ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 9,314 | Damaged | |
J. B. White | Шаблон:Flag | 7,375 | Sunk | |
Korshamn ‡ | Шаблон:Flag | 6,673 | Sunk | |
Venetia † | Шаблон:Flag | 5,728 | Sunk |
† Convoy OB 293, ‡ Convoy HX 112
Fate
On 17 March 1941, U-99 had just fired the last of her torpedoes and sunk Korshamn when the Watch Officer spotted a destroyer, southeast of Iceland in approximate position Шаблон:Coord. He immediately ordered a dive, contrary to Kretschmer's standing orders,Шаблон:Sfn but once the boat was under it was quickly fixed on ASDIC and attacked by Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. U-99 was driven deep by the attack but was nonetheless severely damaged. Kretschmer had no choice but to surface; immediately a barrage of fire greeted the boat. Kretschmer sent a message to Donald Macintyre, WalkerШаблон:'s captain, "CAPTAIN TO CAPTAIN. I AM SUNKING [sic] PLEASE RESCUE MY CREW."Шаблон:Sfn He then ordered that the boat should be scuttled. Forty crew, including Kretschmer, were rescued to become POWs. Three crewmen – the engineering-officer and two ratings – lost their lives.[4] The engineering officer re-entered the sinking U-boat and perished while opening the galley hatch, to hasten the boat's sinking and prevent the British from boarding it.[5]
Macintyre took Kretschmer's binoculars as a souvenir. But in 1955, he gave them back to Kretschmer.
Wolfpack operations
U-99 operated with the following Wolfpacks during her career:
- Wolfpack 1 (20 – 22 September 1940)
- Wolfpack 2 (17 – 19 October 1940)
Summary of raiding history
Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[6] |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 July 1940 | Magog | Шаблон:Flag | 2,053 | Sunk |
7 July 1940 | Sea Glory | Шаблон:Flag | 1,964 | Sunk |
7 July 1940 | Bissen | Шаблон:Flag | 1,514 | Sunk |
8 July 1940 | Humber Arm | Шаблон:Flag | 5,758 | Sunk |
12 July 1940 | Ia | Шаблон:Flag | 4,860 | Sunk |
12 July 1940 | Merisaar | Шаблон:Flag | 2,136 | Captured as prize |
18 July 1940 | Woodbury | Шаблон:Flag | 4,434 | Sunk |
28 July 1940 | Auckland Star | Шаблон:Flag | 13,212 | Sunk |
29 July 1940 | Clan Menzies | Шаблон:Flag | 7,336 | Sunk |
31 July 1940 | Jamaica Progress | Шаблон:Flag | 5,475 | Sunk |
31 July 1940 | Jersey City | Шаблон:Flag | 6,322 | Sunk |
2 August 1940 | Strinda | Шаблон:Flag | 10,973 | Damaged |
2 August 1940 | Lucerna | Шаблон:Flag | 6,556 | Damaged |
2 August 1940 | Alexia | Шаблон:Flag | 8,016 | Damaged |
11 September 1940 | Albionic | Шаблон:Flag | 2,468 | Sunk |
15 September 1940 | Kenordoc | Шаблон:Flag | 1,780 | Sunk |
16 September 1940 | Lotos | Шаблон:Flag | 1,327 | Sunk |
17 September 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 2,372 | Sunk |
21 September 1940 | Invershannon | Шаблон:Flag | 9,154 | Sunk |
21 September 1940 | Baron Blythswood | Шаблон:Flag | 3,668 | Sunk |
21 September 1940 | Elmbank | Шаблон:Flag | 5,156 | Sunk |
18 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 6,055 | Sunk |
18 October 1940 | Niritos | Шаблон:Flag | 3,854 | Sunk |
18 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 4,815 | Sunk |
19 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 5,154 | Sunk |
19 October 1940 | Thalia | Шаблон:Flag | 5,875 | Sunk |
19 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 1,643 | Sunk |
19 October 1940 | Шаблон:SS | Шаблон:Flag | 3,106 | Damaged |
3 November 1940 | Casanare | Шаблон:Flag | 5,376 | Sunk |
3 November 1940 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 18,724 | Sunk |
4 November 1940 | HMS Patroclus | Шаблон:Navy | 11,314 | Sunk |
5 November 1940 | Scottish Maiden | Шаблон:Flag | 6,993 | Sunk |
2 December 1940 | Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | 16,402 | Sunk |
2 December 1940 | Samnanger | Шаблон:Flag | 4,276 | Sunk |
3 December 1940 | Conch | Шаблон:Flag | 8,376 | Sunk |
7 December 1940 | Farmsum | Шаблон:Flag | 5,237 | Sunk |
7 March 1941 | Terje Viken | Шаблон:Flag | 20,638 | Sunk |
7 March 1941 | Athelbeach | Шаблон:Flag | 6,568 | Sunk |
16 March 1941 | Beduin | Шаблон:Flag | 8,136 | Sunk |
16 March 1941 | Franche-Comté | Шаблон:Flag | 9,314 | Damaged |
16 March 1941 | J. B. White | Шаблон:Flag | 7,375 | Sunk |
16 March 1941 | Korshamn | Шаблон:Flag | 6,673 | Sunk |
16 March 1941 | Venetia | Шаблон:Flag | 5,728 | Sunk |
16 March 1941 | Ferm | Шаблон:Flag | 6,593 | Sunk |
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- Шаблон:Cite web
- uboataces.com webpage with insignia for U-99
- uboatarchive.net U-99 Interrogation of Survivors, Naval Intelligence Division, April 1941
Шаблон:German Type VII submarines Шаблон:March 1941 shipwrecks
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