Английская Википедия:Gertrude L. Warren
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Gertrude L. Warren (1884–1979) was an American government official and a pioneer in the 4-H movement.
Early life and family
Gertrude L. Warren was born on a farm near Lockport, New York.[1] She studied at Columbia University, from which she received bachelor's and master's degrees in home economics.[1]
Career
Warren taught home economics at Columbia until 1917, at which time she moved to Washington, D.C. to join the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a senior scientist. She was placed in charge of the home-making element of a network of boys' and girls' clubs,[1] organized under the Cooperative Extension Service. The first appearance of the term "4-H Club" in a federal document was in "Organization and Results of Boys' and Girls' Club Work," by Oscar Herman Benson (1875–1951) and Warren, in 1920.Шаблон:Sfnp (The expression had been used in a speech by Benson as early as 1911.Шаблон:Sfnp) Warren advocated for this name for the program; others proposed "Junior Extension Work," with reference to other federal programs. By 1924, the system was known as 4-H,Шаблон:Sfnp for its emphasis on improving head, heart, hands, and health.Шаблон:Sfnp When Warren joined USDA, membership in the clubs numbered 330,000; at her retirement in 1952, the system had grown to 85,000 clubs with 2 million members.[1] Warren expanded the scope of girls' activities under the program (promoting garment making, room decorating, and hot lunches), and wrote extensive training materials.[2]Шаблон:Sfnp
Warren was instrumental in establishing the National 4-H Foundation (now the National 4-H Council) and the National 4-H Center in Washington.[1] She initiated the International Four-H Youth Exchange.[1] Warren was a member of the Commission on Child Welfare, established by Herbert Hoover; the Eighth Scientific Conference of the Americas; the Rural Education Conference for Franklin D. Roosevelt; and Harry S. Truman's National Youth Emergency Conference and Conference on Family Life.[1] To sum up her career, she was called "the mother of 4-H"[1][3] and "the guardian angel of 4-H."[2]
Outside of government, Gertrude L. Warren was president of the Woman's National Farm & Garden Association from 1952 to 1954.Шаблон:Sfnp
Later life and death
Gertrude L. Warren died of cardiac arrest on 6 September 1979 at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington.[1]
Legacy and recognition
For her work in establishing 4-H Clubs in Latvia, Gertrude Warren (along with Ray A. Turner and C. B. Smith) was awarded the Order of the Three Stars, that country's highest civil order.Шаблон:Sfnp At the National 4-H Conference Center in Chevy Chase, Maryland, the headquarters building was named Warren Hall in her honor.[1]
Selected publications
- Шаблон:Cite book Department Circular 66
- Шаблон:Cite book Extension Service Circular 241
- Шаблон:Cite book Miscellaneous Publication No. 320
- Шаблон:Cite book AIB 58
- Шаблон:Cite book PA-214
References
Bibliography
External links
- Английская Википедия
- 1884 births
- 1979 deaths
- People from Lockport, New York
- Columbia University alumni
- 4-H
- Columbia University faculty
- United States Department of Agriculture officials
- Woodrow Wilson administration personnel
- Harding administration personnel
- Coolidge administration personnel
- Hoover administration personnel
- Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
- Truman administration personnel
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