Английская Википедия:Gia (protein)
Шаблон:Orphan Шаблон:Infobox nonhuman protein Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene.
Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that is essential for cardiac development in Drosophila.[1] Deletion of this gene interferes with cardioblast junction proteins, resulting in a broken hearted phenotype similar to other heterotrimeric cardiac G protein mutants.[1] Gia is expressed at stage 13 within bilateral rows of cardioblasts, but during stages 13–15 anterior cardioblasts demonstrate increasing expression while posterior cardioblast expression decreases.[1] By stage 16, Gia expression occurs only in aortic cardioblasts and is not present in the posterior segment cardioblasts.[1] Gia expression only occurs in the aorta and is presently the only gene known in Drosophila with a strictly aortic expression.[1] This gene is also known as Mthl5 (methuselah-like G protein coupled receptor) and is part of a gene family found in insects but not vertebrates.[2] Overexpression of Gia in a transgenic fly model did not cause any cardiac defects.[1]
G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCR) have a characteristic arrangement of seven transmembrane portions that culminate in an extracellular N-terminus and intracellular C-terminus.[3] More than 200 different GPCRs can be found in Drosophila.[3] GPCRs activation is facilitated by the g-proteins Gα, Gβ, and Gγ.[3] Drosophila have a relatively small number of G-proteins, making them a useful model for the study of GPCR outcomes.[3] Drosophila have a cardiac structure called the dorsal vessel that comprises a tubular structure with a cardioaortic valve and aortic-like outflow.[4] Genes important for cardiac development in Drosophila include NK2, MEF2, GATA, Tbx, and Hand.[4][5]
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