Английская Википедия:Goat Canyon Trestle
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Goat Canyon Trestle is a wooden trestle in San Diego County, California.[1] At a length of Шаблон:Convert, it is the world's largest all-wood trestle.[1][2][3][4] Goat Canyon Trestle was built in 1933 as part of the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway, after one of the many tunnels through the Carrizo Gorge collapsed.[5][6] The railway had been called the "impossible railroad" upon its 1919 completion.[7] It ran through Baja California and eastern San Diego County before ending in Imperial Valley.[7] The trestle was made of wood, rather than metal, due to temperature fluctuations in the Carrizo Gorge.[5] By 2008, most rail traffic stopped using the trestle.[8]
Background
Under the direction of John D. Spreckels, construction of the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railroad began in 1907.[9] It was backed by Edward Henry Harriman at the urging of President Theodore Roosevelt.[10][11] Engineers called the route "impossible" as it crossed the Colorado Desert and through the Jacumba Mountains.[7] In 1919, the railroad was completed, connecting San Diego with the Imperial Valley, by way of Mexico.[12] Before the construction of the railroad, the only rail connection to San Diego was from the north, via Los Angeles, which was only completed in the late 19th century.[13][14] The new railway provided a connection to the Southern Pacific Railroad, instead of going north on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.[15] At the opening of the railway, and prior to the construction of the Goat Canyon Trestle, the most significant bridge on the route was the Campo Creek Viaduct, which is Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert high above the ground.[11][16]
The San Diego and Arizona Railway experienced a series of difficulties, including collapsed tunnels and rock slides, which led to the periodic closure of the railroad.[12] One such difficulty was the collapse of Tunnel 15 in March 1932;[5][6] it had been caused by an earthquake.[17][18] Its remnants can still be seen today.[3]
History
Designed by Chief Engineer of the San Diego and Arizona Railroad, Carl Eichenlaub, it was built to common standard drawing CS-33 standards.[19] The trestle was built in response to the collapse of Tunnel 15.[20] According to the original plans, the trestle would be Шаблон:Convert long, and Шаблон:Convert high.[21] Construction began in 1932.[2][22] Sections of the trestle were assembled at the bottom of the canyon, then lifted into position.[5] Redwood timber,[1] the same type used for railroad ties along the rest of the route,[23] was utilized because Carrizo Gorge's considerable temperature fluctuations could have led to metal fatigue in a steel bridge.[5] To resist Goat Canyon's high winds, it was built with a 14° curve.[2][24] Additionally, the bridge was built without nails.[2] Construction was completed by 1933, leading to a realignment of the railroad route.[5] For fire suppression a tank car was located near tunnel 16.[25]
After World War II, the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway was impacted by increased automobile travel.[26] In 1951, scheduled passenger service over the trestle ended.[7][11][14][27] Intermittent freight traffic continued when the railroad was not closed due to damage.[11] In 1976, Hurricane Kathleen damaged the trestle, as well as the rest of the line; repairs were not completed until 1981.[8][28] Use of the railroad ended again in 1983 due to collapsed tunnels.[29] In 1999, Huell Howser visited the trestle and filmed an episode about it for the public television series California's Gold.[30] Restoration of the railway did not resume until 2003.[29] During the 2003 Cedar Fire, crews working on the railway repairs assisted the California Department of Forestry by extinguishing fires set by arsonists along the railroad tracks.[31]
The Carrizo Gorge Railway resumed service on the line after repairs were completed in 2004.[11] Pacific Southwest Railway Museum provided trips on the railroad from Campo.[11] In 2008, the Desert line, which includes track north of Mexico including Carrizo Gorge closed indefinitely for repairs, ending revenue rail usage of the trestle.[32] In early 2017, tunnel Number 6 near the trestle collapsed, and the route was obstructed.[33] In January 2018, Baja California Railroad assessed the line hoping to repair it to allow it to return to operation,[34] but efforts to repair the line had been abandoned by 2021.[35] The trestle remains a popular destination for hikers.[12][5][17][36]
Surrounding environment
Goat Canyon is a valley in San Diego County, California.[37] One feature of the canyon is it has a dry waterfall.[38] The land, which forms the canyon, is crystalline basement.[39] Since at least the 1970s, there has been a population of bighorn sheep, an endangered species, living near the trestle.[12][40] Another endangered species in the area of the trestle is the Bell's vireo.[41] During a desert bloom, which occurred in 2017, monkey flowers were observed flowering in the canyon.[42]
Replicas
The San Diego Model Railroad Museum hosts a HO scale replica of the trestle.[43] HO Scale is 1:87 scale.[44] It stands Шаблон:Convert off the floor[45] is Шаблон:Convert tall in total.[46] It is older than the museum itself, having been built in 1941.[47] The museum also contains a smaller N scale (1:160) replica of the trestle, based on an 1855 surveyed route.[44][48]
See also
References
Further reading
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite interview
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite serial
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Cite archive - ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite news
Шаблон:Cite book - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 44,0 44,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Cite magazine - ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
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Шаблон:Cite book
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