Английская Википедия:Gogo Formation
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox rockunit
The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian reef community. The formation is named after Gogo Station, a cattle station where outcrops appear and fossils are often collected from,[1] as is nearby Fossil Downs Station.
History
The reef, which now stands up abruptly in the western Australian desert (as the Windjana Limestone), was first identified in 1940 by paleontologist Curt Teichert, who discovered the first fossil fish from the region.[2]
Sedimentology
Unweathered sections of the Gogo Formation are made of siltstone, shale and calcarenite with numerous limestone concretions. These concretions are resistant to weathering, producing extensive nodule fields on the ground in areas where the surrounding rock has eroded away.[3]
The Gogo sediments represent deep, hypoxic seafloor deposits in the vicinity of a large tropical reef composed primarily of algae and stromatoporoids during the Frasnian faunal stage of the Late Devonian.[4] Associated stratigraphic units which comprise this ancient reef system are the Windjana Formation (the actual reef structures), Pillara Limestone (reef platform) and the Sadler Formation (fore-reef deposits).[3]
Deposition
The formation was deposited in the Frasnian (late Devonian).[5]
Fossil preservation
The fossils of the Gogo Formation display three-dimensional soft-tissue preservation of tissues as fragile as nerves and embryos with umbilical cords.[5] Over fifty species of fish have been described from the formation, and arthropods, including phyllocarids[6] and eurypterids[7] are similarly well-preserved.[5] Nautiloids, goniatites and tentaculids are also known from the formation, but their soft tissue is not preserved.[5]
The calcareous concretions formed around objects from the shallow reef areas which sank into the deep anoxic basins. The concretions sometimes contain the remains of fish, whose bodies are often preserved complete in three-dimensions due to rapid encasement and the slow rate of decay in the oxygen-poor surroundings. By repeated baths in a dilute acid solution, the matrix is dissolved away via a process of acid etching to reveal delicate fish fossils, some retaining impressions of soft tissues.
The discovery of Materpiscis, a placoderm preserved with an embryonic juvenile still attached by its umbilical cord, has revealed that at least some placoderms gave birth to live young.[8]
Fossil content
Placodermi
Actinopterygii
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gogosardina | G. coatesi | [14] | |
| Mimipiscis | M. toombsi | [25] | |
| Moythomasia | M. durgaringa | ||
| M. lineata |
Chondrichthyes
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gogoselachus | G. lynbeazleyae | [26] |
Acanthodians
| Genus | Species | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Halimacanthodes | H. ahlbergi | [27] |
Sarcopterygii
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adololopas | A. moyasmithae | [14] | |
| Chirodipterus | C. australis | [28] | |
| cf. Diplocercides | Indeterminate | [29] | |
| Gogodipterus | G. paddyensis | [30] | |
| Gogonasus | G. andrewsae | [31] | |
| Griphognathus | G. whitei | [28] | |
| Holodipterus | "H" (Holodipteroides) elderae | [14] | |
| H. gogoensis | [28] | ||
| H. meemanae | [14] | ||
| Onychodus | O. jandemarrai | [32] | |
| Pillararhynchus | P. longi | [33] | |
| Rhinodipterus | R. kimberleyensis | [5] | |
| Robinsondipterus | R. longi | [34] | |
| Xeradipterus | X. hatcheri | [35] |
Conodonta
| Genus | Species | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Polygnathus | P. varca | [36] |
| P. normalis | [36] | |
| P. asymmetrica asymmetrica | [36] | |
| P. asymmetrica ovalis | [36] | |
| Playfordia | P. primitiva | [36] |
| Gnamptognathus | G.? lipperti | [36] |
| G.? cf. G.? lipperti | [36] | |
| Ancyrodella | A. rotundiloba alata | [36] |
| A. rotundiloba rotundiloba | [36] | |
| Icirodus | I. symmetricus | [36] |
| Roundya | A. aurita | [36] |
Ammonoidea
| Genus | Species | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Timanites | T. angustus | [36] |
| Tornoceras | T. (T.) simplex | [36] |
Arthropoda
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montecaris | M. gogoensis | Phyllocarid arthropod, reaching length up to Шаблон:Convert.[37] | |
| M. sp. indet. | [37] | ||
| Schugurocaris | S. wami | Phyllocarid arthropod.[37] | |
| S. sp. indet. | |||
| Dithyrocaris | D. sp. indet. | ||
| Concavicaris | C. campi | Thylacocephalan arthropod.[6][38] | |
| C. glenisteri | |||
| C. milesi | |||
| C. playfordi | |||
| C. sp. | |||
| Harrycaris | H. whittingtoni | ||
| Adelophthalmus | A. waterstoni | An eurypterid. Originally described as a species of Rhenopterus.[39] | |
| Undescribed eurypterid | [40] | ||
| 'Mushia' | Common fossil from Gogo Formation, undescribed arthropod with unknown affinity. Chemical analysis shows that is likely to be a crustacean.[40] |
References
- ↑ "The Fossil Emblem of Western Australia" Accessed 16 August 2012.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ "Aussie fish fossil gives birth to history" Accessed 29 May 2008.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Long, J.A. 1997. Ptyctodontid fishes (Vertebrata, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia, with a revision of the European genus Ctenurella Orvig, 1960. Geodiversitas 19(3): 515–555.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 DENNIS, K. and MILES, R. S. (1980), New durophagous arthrodires from Gogo, Western Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69: 43–85. Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Locality No. 20, Stromatoporoid Camp Area at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 14,5 14,6 14,7 14,8 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Long, J. A. 1990a, "Two new arthrodires (placoderm fishes) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia", Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 28, De Vis Symposium Volume, pp. 51–64.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Denison, Robert (1978). Placodermi Volume 2 of Handbook of Paleoichthyology'. Stuttgart New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-89574-027-4
- ↑ J. A. Long. 1994. A second incisoscutid arthrodire (Pisces, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Alcheringa 18(1-2):59-69
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Long, J. (1995). "A new ploudosteid arthrodire from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia". Palaeontology. 38: 39–62.
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 28,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ LONG, J.A. & TRINAJSTIC, K. 2010. The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte –Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 665-680
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Aut 2010. New holodontid lungfishes from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia. Pp. 275-298 in: Шаблон:Aut (eds): Morphology, Phylogeny and Paleobiogeography of Fossil Fishes. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 36,00 36,01 36,02 36,03 36,04 36,05 36,06 36,07 36,08 36,09 36,10 36,11 36,12 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 37,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
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