Английская Википедия:Golin language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox language
Golin (also Gollum, Gumine) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA |
| Mid | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA |
| Low | Шаблон:IPA |
Diphthongs that occur are Шаблон:IPA. The consonants Шаблон:IPA can also be syllabic.
Consonant
Шаблон:IPA are treated as single consonants by Bunn & Bunn (1970),[1] but as combinations of Шаблон:IPA + Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA + Шаблон:IPA by Evans et al. (2005).[2]
Two consonants appear to allow free variation in their realisations: Шаблон:IPA varies with Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA with Шаблон:IPA.
Шаблон:IPA assimilates to Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA.
Tone
Golin is a tonal language, distinguishing high ([˧˥]), mid ([˨˧]), and low ([˨˩]) tone. The high tone is marked by an acute accent and the low tone by a grave accent, while the mid tone is left unmarked. Examples:[2]
- High: mú [mu˧˥] 'type of snake'; wí [wi˧˥] 'scream (man)'
- Mid: mu [mu˨˧] 'type of bamboo'; wi [wi˨˧] 'coming from the same ethnic group'
- Low: mù [mu˨˩] 'sound of river'; wì [wi˨˩] 'cut (verb)'
Pronouns
Golin is notable for having a small pronominal paradigm. There are two basic pronouns:[3]
- ná first person
- í second person
There is no number distinction and no true third person pronoun. In fact, third person pronouns in Golin are in fact compounds derived from ‘man’ plus inín ‘self’:
- yalíni ‘he’ < yál ‘man’ + inín ‘self’
- abalíni ‘she’ < abál ‘woman’ + inín ‘self’
References
Шаблон:Languages of Papua New Guinea
Шаблон:Chimbu–Wahgi languages
