Английская Википедия:Gonbad-e Qabus (tower)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Версия от 21:06, 15 марта 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = Gonbad-e Qābus | image = برج هزار ساله.JPG | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = | location = Gonbad-e Kavus, Gonbad-e Kavus County, Golestan Province, Iran | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)}}(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | ID = 1398 | coordinates = {{coord|...»)
(разн.) ← Предыдущая версия | Текущая версия (разн.) | Следующая версия → (разн.)
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site Gonbad-e Qabus or Gonbad-e Qabus Tower (Шаблон:Lang-fa) is a monument in Gonbad-e Qabus, Iran, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2012. It marks the grave of Ziyarid ruler Qabus (Шаблон:Reign978–1012), and was built during his lifetime in 1006/7.Шаблон:Sfn It is a cylindrical tomb tower that reaches c. Шаблон:Convert and can be seen from some Шаблон:Convert away.[1]Шаблон:Efn The eponymous city is named after the monument.Шаблон:Sfn

Considered to be a masterpiece of Iranian architecture, according to Oleg Grabar, it achieves an "almost perfect balance between a purpose (princely glory beyond death), a form (cylindrical tower transformed into a star), and a single material (brick)".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Gonbad-e Qabus tower is the best known tower tomb in northern Iran and was featured in many publications.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction, plan and design

The inscription bands on the tower, written in rhymed prose, state that Qabus ordered the foundation of the tower built during his lifetime, in 1006/7.Шаблон:Sfn He was a prince of the Ziyarid dynasty, which was based in the historic Tabaristan region of northern Iran. In the 11th century, this region was still undergoing conversion from Zoroastrianism to Islam.Шаблон:Sfn

The foundation date on the monument is given in two calendar styles: Iranian solar and Islamic lunar.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The monument has an interior diameter of Шаблон:Convert at its base.Шаблон:Sfn According to Sheila S. Blair (2002), the building's entrance contains some of the earliest evidence of the development of the moqarnas structure (i.e. stalactite vaulting) in Iran.Шаблон:Sfn In terms of design, the Gonbad-e Qabus tower resembles other cylindrical tomb towers on Iran's Caspian Sea littoral.Шаблон:Sfn However, the Gonbad-e Qabus tower differs from other examples because of its "extraordinary height". Taking its conical roof into account, the tower measures c. Шаблон:Convert above ground; this is three times its exterior diameter. Sheila S. Blair notes:Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Blockquote

Oleg Grabar (1975) wrote that the Gonbad-e Qabus tower "clearly belongs to the general category of a secular architecture for conspicuous consumption".Шаблон:Sfn While discussing the forms of the tower tombs of northern Iran (which includes the Gonbad-e Qabus tower), Grabar stated that they may be connected with Zoroastrian funerary structures.Шаблон:Sfn According to him, the link to Zoroastrian funerary structures is "strongly suggested". He cites as examples the use of the Persian solar calendar in the inscription on the Gonbad-e Qabus, as well as the occasional use of Middle Persian (Pahlavi) on the other tomb towers of northern Iran.Шаблон:Sfn According to Melanie Michailidis (2009), Zoroastrian influence is "manifestly present" in the tower tombs of northern Iran, and can be seen in their height, purpose, and forms.Шаблон:Sfn She argues that the towers were built by the Ziyarids and Bavandids to emulate "the lost princely mausolea of the Sasanians".Шаблон:Sfn

Though the tower is meant to be Qabus's mausoleum, there is no body buried inside, similar to the other tomb towers of northern Iran.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn According to legend, Qabus was buried in a glass coffin, hanging from the roof by chains.Шаблон:Sfn Michailidis adds that the "failure of the excavators to find a body might seem to lend credence to this story".Шаблон:Sfn She explains that the towers were used in a syncretic fashion. Bodies were placed inside the tombs, but lifted off the ground, resting on a platform "composed of some impermeable material".Шаблон:Sfn As Tabaristan was still undergoing Islamization at the time, syncretism would be a logical explanation according to Michailidis. Qabus's tower meets numerous criteria for disposing of the dead in the Zoroastrian way, but it does not "obviously" fit the category of an "orthodox Zoroastrian way of disposing of the dead", nor does it match a "proper Muslim burial".Шаблон:Sfn

Gallery

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Шаблон:Commonscat Шаблон:World Heritage Sites in Iran Шаблон:Towers in Iran

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb.
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Gonbad-e_Qabus_(tower)&oldid=14985457