Английская Википедия:Gondwana (Murail)
Gondwana (1980) is a defining musical composition of spectral music[1] for large orchestra composed by Tristan Murail using simulated synthesis to create a harmonic interpolation between an orchestrally synthesized chord derived from a simulated bell sound (inharmonic) and a chord derived from a trombone sound (harmonic).[2] This process is meant to evoke the shifting of continents and thus the piece is named after the former supercontinent Gondwana.[3]
The piece uses interpolation to make a smooth transformation on all musical parameters including spectral profile, envelope, and instrumental attacks.[4] The bell sounds were created through a Frequency Modulation (FM) synthesis with a single modulator affecting five carriers to create five different harmonies, these being connected by interpolated chords.[5] The components of the trombone's frequency spectrum was derived through a Fourier transform.[2]
The piece's long quiet or silent moments are shaped in "long, seamlessly evolving paragraphs" evoking the geological processes which created the continent. The first opening slowly transforms a chord before turning to trills.[6] The opening chord has been compared to the work of Messiaen.[1][7] The piece, "incorporates a substantial passage directly modelled upon," Sibelius's Lemminkäinen in Tuonela from the Four Lemminkäinen Legends op.22 (1896).[8]
Sources
Шаблон:Spectral music Шаблон:Authority control
Шаблон:Classical-composition-stub
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Staines, Joes (2010). The Rough Guide to Classical Music, p.372. Шаблон:ISBN. "The locus classicus of early spectral music".
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Fineberg, Joshua (2000). Spectral Music: History and Techniques, p.69. (Overseas Publishers Association, published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, ©2000) OCLC: 48862556. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Fineberg (2000), p.108
- ↑ Fineberg (2000), p.128-129.
- ↑ "Murail Gondwana & Désintégrations", CompositionToday.com.
- ↑ Griffiths, Paul (2011). Modern Music and After, p.344. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Grimley, Daniel M., ed. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to Sibelius, p.200. Шаблон:ISBN.
