Английская Википедия:Gordon Bennett Cup (ballooning)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy datesШаблон:Infobox sports award The Gordon Bennett Cup (or Шаблон:Lang) is the world's oldest gas balloon race, and is "regarded as the premier event of world balloon racing" according to the Los Angeles Times.[1][2] Referred to as the "Blue Ribbon" of aeronautics, the first race started from Paris, France, on September 30, 1906.[3] The event was sponsored by James Gordon Bennett Jr., the millionaire sportsman and owner of the New York Herald newspaper.[4] According to the organizers, the aim of the contest "is simple: to fly the furthest distance from the launch site."[4] The contest ran from 1906 to 1938, interrupted by World War I and in 1931, but was suspended in 1939 when the hosts, Poland, were invaded at the start of World War II. The event was not resurrected until 1979, when American Tom Heinsheimer, an atmospheric physicist, gained permission from the holders to host the trophy.[5] The competition was not officially reinstated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) until 1983.[6]

The record time for the winner of the event is held by Germans Wilhelm Eimers and Bernd Landsmann who remained airborne for over 92 hours in the 1995 race,[7] taking off from Switzerland and landing four days later in Latvia. The distance record is held by the Belgian duo of Bob Berben and Benoît Siméons who, in 2005, piloted their balloon Шаблон:Convert from Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, to Squatec, Quebec, Canada.[7] The most successful pilots are French Vincent Leys who won the trophy nine times between 1997 and 2017 (six times as the main pilot, three times as the co-pilot) and Austrian Шаблон:Ill (won seven times as the main pilot). American teams have won on the most occasions, with twelve victories.

The 2010 competition started in the United Kingdom, with the balloons departing from Bristol on September 25. The race was marred by the loss of the American team during a storm over the Adriatic Sea on October 1.[8] The balloon was missing until December 6, when a fishing vessel found the cabin containing the pilots' bodies off the coast of Italy.[9] The 2013 event, departing from France and landing in Portugal, was again won by the French in F-PPGB.[10]

Rules

According to the official rules, the competition is open to all National Aero Clubs (NACs) "who have met their obligations to the FAI", with each NAC being allowed to enter up to three teams whose pilots are of the same nationality as the NAC.[11] Before this, only two teams from any single NAC were permitted to compete in a single competition.[12] Pilots should have at least 50 hours experience as pilot in command and be authorized for night-time flying. At least one member of each team must be capable of communicating with Air Traffic Control in English.[11]

The team who wins the contest receives the Coupe Aéronautique Gordon Bennett trophy and the team's NAC will hold the contest two years later (originally the winning NAC would host the competition the following year). Any NAC winning the cup in three consecutive races will be the final holder of the cup with the subsequent option to offer a new cup.[13]

Unofficial events

Resurrected in 1979 by American Tom Heinsheimer, the competition was held without official FAI sanction for four years. Ben Abruzzo and Maxie Anderson secured victory piloting Double Eagle III Шаблон:Convert in 47 hours from California to Colorado.[5] The following year, the winning team of Jerry Tepper and Corky Myers floated Шаблон:Convert from the takeoff point in California.[14] The 1981 race was won again by Abruzzo, with different co-pilot Rocky Aoki, who covered Шаблон:Convert before touching down,[15] while the 1982 race was won by Joe Kittinger and Charles Knapp who piloted Rosie O'Grady Шаблон:Convert.[15] Heinsheimer attempted to gain the copyright over the name "Gordon Bennett" and run the event without FAI sanction. However the FAI were granted exclusive rights to the name in 1983, and the organization officially reinstated the competition later that year.[6] Heinsheimer went on to arrange further contests in the United States which were still reported in the national press as being the "Gordon Bennett Balloon Race" or similar.[16][17][18]

Incidents

Файл:Conqueror draped over houses of Berlin 1908.jpg
Conqueror draped over houses of Berlin 1908

The 1908 race in Berlin saw the fall of the balloon Conqueror, flown by A. Holland Forbes and Augustus Post. Conqueror was the largest balloon entered in the race, standing Шаблон:Convert high and with a gas capacity of Шаблон:Convert. Before the race Forbes had attempted to lengthen the balloon's appendix to give the team a strategic advantage. Instead the balloon hit a fence just after takeoff, lost two ballast bags, ascended rapidly and ripped open three minutes into the race. The pair slashed off ballast as they fell Шаблон:Convert. Their descent was slowed only as the balloon's fabric caught in the netting and formed a rough parachute. They took hold of the ring above them and lifted their feet as the basket smashed through the tiled roof of a house in the Berlin suburb of Friedenau. Both the men and their instruments survived intact.[19][20]

Файл:Hawley and Post following 1910 Gordon Bennett cup.png
Hawley and Post following 1910 Gordon Bennett Cup

The winners of the 1910 Gordon Bennett Cup, Alan R. Hawley and Augustus Post, set a distance and duration record of Шаблон:Convert in 44 hours and 25 minutes,[21] but the pair of experienced balloonists landed in a remote section of Canadian wilderness in Quebec. After a week passed with no word from the team, search parties were formed by the Aero Club of America, but many newspapers reported that the men were likely dead. Instead they emerged after ten days, assisted by two local trappers who had been out on a hunting trip and happened to run into them. Hawley had injured a knee, but otherwise the pair were unharmed and received a hero's welcome upon their safe return.[22]

On September 23, 1923, five competitors were killed when they were struck by lightning while six more were injured in storms. Among the dead were Lieutenants John W. Choptaw and Robert S. Olmsted who were killed when their balloon "US Army S6" crashed in Loosbroek, Netherlands.[23][24][25] Sixty years later, in 1983, Americans Maxie Anderson and Don Ida were killed as the gondola detached from their balloon during an attempt to avoid crossing into East German airspace.[26] Anderson and Ida were participating in the "Coupe Charles et Robert" (named for Jacques Charles and the Robert brothers, inventors of the gas balloon) which was run in parallel with the Gordon Bennett Cup. Following their deaths, the "Coupe Charles et Robert" was never run again.[12]

On September 12, 1995, three gas balloons participating in the race entered Belarusian air space. Despite the fact that competition organizers had informed the Belarusian Government about the race in May and that flight plans had been filed, a Mil Mi-24B attack helicopter of the Belarusian Air Force shot down one balloon,[1][27] killing two American citizens, Alan Fraenckel and John Stuart-Jervis.[2][28] Another of the balloons was forced to land while the third landed safely over two hours after the initial downing. The crews of the two balloons were fined for entering Belarus without a visa and released. Belarus has neither apologized nor offered compensation for the deaths.[29]

On September 29, 2010, the 2004 trophy-winning American team of Richard Abruzzo and Carol Rymer Davis went missing in thunderstorms over the Adriatic Sea.[30] On September 30, the USA retrieval crew suggested that the balloon may have ditched in the sea or have been destroyed by lightning.[31] Debris was found on October 1 by search crews but race control determined that it was not from the missing balloon.[32] Despite this, organizers later stated that the final calculated rate of descent of the balloon had been about Шаблон:Convert, and that the team's survival was "unlikely".[33] The search for the missing pair was called off on October 4.[8] The balloon's cabin containing the bodies was recovered by an Italian fishing boat on December 6.[9]

Official winners

Key

Record breaking flights are denoted by the following:

Record *
Edition DateШаблон:Ref label Starting point Crew Country Balloon name Time
(hh:mm)
Distance
(km)
1 Шаблон:Dts Tuileries, Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Henry Hersey Шаблон:Flag United States 22:15 Шаблон:Sort
2 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Henry Helm Clayton Шаблон:Flag Pommern 40:00 1403.55
3 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flag Helvetia 73:01 1190.00
4 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Andre Roussel Шаблон:Flag America II 35:07 1121.11
5 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Augustus Post Шаблон:Flag America II 44:25 1887.60
6 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Otto Duncker Шаблон:Flag Berlin II 12:28 Шаблон:Sort
7 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flag La Picardie 45:42 2191.00
8 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Ralph Albion Drury Preston Шаблон:Flag Goodyear 43:30 Шаблон:Sort
9 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Mathieu Labrousse Шаблон:Flag Belgica 40:15 1769.00
10 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flag Zürich 27:24 Шаблон:Sort
11 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Alexander Veenstra Шаблон:Flag Belgica 25:49 1372.10
12 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Leon Coeckelbergh Шаблон:Flag Belgica 21:00 1155.00
13 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Leon Coeckelbergh Шаблон:Flag Belgica 43:16 Шаблон:Sort
14 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Philippe Quersin Шаблон:Flag Prince Leopold 47:30 1345.00
15 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Walter W. Morton Шаблон:Flag Goodyear III 16:37 Шаблон:Sort
16 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Arthur G. Schlosser Шаблон:Flag Detroit 48:00 1198.00
17 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, William Olmstead Eareckson Шаблон:Flag US Army 48:00 Шаблон:Sort
18 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Alan L. McCracken Шаблон:Flag Goodyear VIII 24:00 Шаблон:Sort
19 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Alan L. McCracken Шаблон:Flag Goodyear VIII 27:56 Шаблон:Sort
20 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Wilfred Bushnell Шаблон:Flag US Navy 41:20 1550.00
21 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Zbigniew Burzyński Шаблон:Flag SP-ADS Kościuszko 38:32 1361.00
22 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flag SP-ADS Kościuszko 44:48 1333.00
23 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Władysław Wysocki Шаблон:Flag SP-AMY Polonia II 57:54 1650.47
24 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pierre Hoffmans Шаблон:Flag OO-BFM Belgica 46:24 1715.80
25 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pierre Hoffmans Шаблон:Flag OO-BFM Belgica 46:15 1396.00
26 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Franciszek Janik Шаблон:Flag SP-BCU LOPP 37:47 1692.00
Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:SortШаблон:Ref label Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort
27 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Ireneusz Cieślak Шаблон:Flag SP-BZO Polonez 36:00 Шаблон:Sort
28 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Martin Messner Шаблон:Flag HB-BFC Jura 43:08 Шаблон:Sort
29 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag HB-BBL Volksbank 21:09 Шаблон:Sort
30 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag HB-BBL Volksbank 19:11 Шаблон:Sort
31 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag HB-BBL Volksbank 32:16 Шаблон:Sort
32 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag OE-PZS Polarstern 41:09 1110.90
33 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag OE-PZS Polarstern 37:33 Шаблон:Sort
34 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Gert Scholz Шаблон:Flag OE-PZS Polarstern 33:20 Шаблон:Sort
35 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jürgen Schubert Шаблон:Flag D-EUREGIO 44:18 1039.40
36 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, James Herschend Шаблон:Flag D-ASPEN 45:36 Шаблон:Sort
37 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Rainer Röhsler Шаблон:Flag OE-PZS Polarstern 59:29 1832.00
38 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Christian Stoll Шаблон:Flag HB-BZH Stadt Wil 31:01 Шаблон:Sort
39 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Bernd Landsmann Шаблон:Flag D-OCOL Columbus II 92:11 * 1628.10
40 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Bernd Landsmann Шаблон:Flag D-OCOL Columbus II 72:01 1286.90
41 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jean François Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Le Petit Prince 45:30 1732.50
42 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:SortШаблон:Ref label Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort
43 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Ronny Van Havere Шаблон:Flag D-OCOX Belgica II 40:15 1666.54
44 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Bernd Landsmann Шаблон:Flag D-OOWE Columbus IV 70:49 Шаблон:Sort
45 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jean François Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Le Petit Prince 77:47 1626.60
46 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jean François Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Le Petit Prince 69:59 1282.30
47 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jean François Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Le Petit Prince 53:42 1596.50
48 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Carol Rymer Davis Шаблон:Flag N96YD Zero Gravity 52:52 1803.36
49 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Benoît Siméons Шаблон:Flag N6326T 65:20 3400.39 *
50 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Ronny Van Havere Шаблон:Flag D-OCOX Belgica 2 66:53 2449.60
51 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:SortШаблон:Ref label Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sort
52 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Jonathan Mason Шаблон:Flag N5054 Lady Luck 74:12 1768.67
53 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Vincent Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Golden Eyes 85:18 1588.29
54 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pascal Witpraechtiger[34] Шаблон:Flag[34] HB-QKF[34] 58:37Шаблон:058:37[34] 2434.31Шаблон:02434.31[34]
55 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Vincent Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE 26:42Шаблон:026:42[35] Шаблон:Sort
56 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Vincent Leys Шаблон:Flag F-PPGB 69:02Шаблон:069:02[36] Шаблон:Sort
57 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Christophe Houver Шаблон:Flag F-PPGB 73:33Шаблон:073:33 Шаблон:Sort[10]
58 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Matthias Zenge Шаблон:Flag D-OTLI 61:35Шаблон:061:35 Шаблон:Sort[37]
59 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pascal Witprächtiger Шаблон:Flag HB-QKF 68:21Шаблон:068:21 Шаблон:Sort[38]
60 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pascal Witprächtiger Шаблон:Flag HB-QKF MM Technics 58:12Шаблон:058:12 Шаблон:Sort[39]
61 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Christophe Houver Шаблон:Flag F-PPGB 36:20Шаблон:036:20 Шаблон:Sort
62 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname , Jacek Bogdański Шаблон:Flag D-OWBA 58:28Шаблон:058:28 Шаблон:Sort
63 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Nicolas Tieche Шаблон:Flag HB-QRV 82:03Шаблон:082:03 Шаблон:Sort
64 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Pascal Witprächtiger Шаблон:Flag HB-QKF MM Technics 82:03Шаблон:085:10 Шаблон:Sort
65 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Benjamin Eimers Шаблон:Flag D-OTLI Leonid 60:50Шаблон:060:50 Шаблон:Sort
66 Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:Sortname, Benoit Havret Шаблон:Flag F-PPSE Le Petit Prince 85:49Шаблон:085:49 Шаблон:Sort

Шаблон:Gallery

See also

Шаблон:Commons category

Notes

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

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