Английская Википедия:Gouffre Mirolda
Gouffre Mirolda is a karstic cave located in the Haut-Giffre[1] mountain range, in the commune of Samoëns, Haute-Savoie, France. It is connected to the Lucien Bouclier cave system, and has a depth of Шаблон:Convert.[2]
Exploration
The cave was discovered in 1971 by Marc Degrinis, a shepherd.[2] In 1972, the AVEN group in Lyon widened the entrance, and explored to a depth of Шаблон:Convert to an impenetrable meander. In 1976, an upper entrance, the VF3, at Шаблон:Convert, was discovered by the Villefranche Caving Club (EESV) and explored as far as the base of the first Шаблон:Convert shaft on a narrow slope. The Gouffre Mirolda (CD11) was reinvestigated in 1980 by SC Lyon. With the help of the GS Cavernicole and the SC du Chablais, a depth of Шаблон:Convert was reached. In 1981, the river was explored down to Шаблон:Convert. Reinforced by the SS Genève and the Thonon Tauping Club, fossil galleries and upstream tunnels enabled the network to reach a height difference of Шаблон:Convert in 1988. The unblocking of the Gouffre VF3 gave access to the system named after Lucien Bouclier, a speleologist who died in 1987 on the massif. The junction was made by the Ursus group between the Gouffre Mirolda and the Réseau Lucien Bouclier in 1992 for a depth of Шаблон:Convert, and also with the Gouffre de la Rondelle Jaune (Шаблон:Convert). At the bottom of CD11 the depth was increased in 1993 to Шаблон:Convert, and Шаблон:Convert in 1998.[3] The Gouffre du Joker (Шаблон:Convert) was connected to the network in 1999, increasing its depth to Шаблон:Convert. The terminal sump was dived in 2003, increasing the depth to its current Шаблон:Convert, making it the deepest natural cave in the world from January 2003 until July 2004,[4][5] when it was passed by the cave Krubera-Voronja in Abkhazia.[6] In September 2022 and 2023 the Collectif Mirolda, took over the topography, updated the in-situ equipment and examined the possibilities of further discovery.[7][8] The cave is the deepest in France. Its name is derived from the forenames of the Rhodanien cavers Michel Schmidt, Roland Chenevier, and Daniel Trouilleux, who were lost in a flood in Gournier Cave in November 1976.[9]
Description
The highest entrance of the system is at Шаблон:Convert. The lowest point of the cave is at Шаблон:Convert at the grand siphon in the gallery.[10] The bottom of the gallery (after the second siphon) has only been explored once, with potential for further exploration. Behind the second siphon (approximately Шаблон:Convert) the gallery continues for Шаблон:Convert horizontally and down Шаблон:Convert, leading to an ancient drainage system. Downstream, the gallery descends over a length of Шаблон:Convert and a vertical drop of Шаблон:Convert before coming up against the first siphon at Шаблон:Convert. Past the siphon the gallery divides in two, the left leading up towards the roof and the right leading Шаблон:Convert to a fossil gallery.[11]
Karst Development
The Gouffre Mirolda is developed in Urgonian Limestone at its contact of the Hauterivian marl following the dip first (E-W), and then (S-W) towards the Giffre valley. The water flows into the alluvial aquifer, and no resurgence is known.[1][3] As at the Gouffre Jean-Bernard, the upstream section of the Réseau Lucien Bouclier appears to be the oldest part of the system, with the base of the CD 11 developed following the incision of the Giffre valley.[12]
See also
References
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