Английская Википедия:Grantley Harbor
Grantley Harbor (native name, Kaviak) is a waterway located at the bay of Port Clarence, Alaska, on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. The inner harbor at the entrance to the northeast corner of the bay was named after Lord Grantley.Шаблон:Citation needed[1]
History
The area between Grantley Harbor, Port Clarence and Golovnin Bay was inhabited by the Kaveahrachamutes.Шаблон:Sfn The regional headquarters of the Russo-American Telegraph Expedition of 1865–67 were located on Grantley Harbor, while the headquarters of Teller Reindeer Station were established nearby in 1892 by Sheldon Jackson.Шаблон:Sfn
The town of Teller on Grantley Harbor was inhabited by prospectors during the Nome Gold Rush.
Geography
Grantley is an inner harbor, opening into the northeast corner of the bay of Port Clarence. The sand pits at the opening of the bay are named Points Spencer and Jackson after the officers of the Navy. It is a marshy and low land with many lakes.Шаблон:Sfn Point Spencer, the extremity of the low sand spit which extends Шаблон:Convert from the coast, forms the south and west sides of the harbor. At the extreme eastern end of the bay are two narrow sand spits, extending from the northern and southern shores, which enclose Grantley Harbor. The harbor's entrance is about Шаблон:Convert in width, Шаблон:Convert from east to west, and Шаблон:Convert from north to south. At the extreme eastern end of Grantley Harbor is a second strait, about Шаблон:Convert wide, which connects with a third body of water, Imourouk Lake. To the north of Grantley Harbor, Muck-a-Charlie Peak rises to a Шаблон:Convert peak.Шаблон:Sfn On its eastern side, the harbor connect with a channel of water Шаблон:Convert long which passes hills measuring at least Шаблон:Convert in height on each side.Шаблон:Sfn The Agiapuk River flows parallel with Grantley Harbor for about Шаблон:Convert, separated by an upland.Шаблон:Sfn The settlement of Nook was at one time situated on the south side of the harbor's mouth.Шаблон:Sfn The depth of water in the bay is adequate for ships to ply.Шаблон:Sfn
The Bluestone River gold mining region is situated south of the harbor.Шаблон:Sfn Several streams empty into the harbor, including Coyote, Dese, and Sunset creeks.[2] Moss-covered lowland of Sunest Creek borders Grantley Harbor. Iglook Creek enters the harbor east of Sunset Creek.Шаблон:Sfn The short streams which flow into the harbor are of 2–3 miles length of which two are from the southern end and four from the northern side. Their origin is in the Mountain Mokacharni and flows through a dissected plateau forming the upland.Шаблон:Sfn
Geology
Geological formation in harbor area consists of Nome series bed rocks, folded graphite slates with some amount coal veins in the valleys of the creeks that flow into the harbor. A study of the geological map of the region shows extensive greenstone at the eastern part of the bay which is inferred as an intrusive in limestone formations that are placed below the slate formation. Limestone formations are noted in the northern stream that flow into the harbor and to the west of the harbor (Reindeer Station) Ordovician fossils are found in the limestone formations.Шаблон:Sfn The northern shore of the harbor has bed rock formations of mica-schist and greenstone.Шаблон:Sfn The Mukhacharni Mountain and its two adjoining mountains have basaltic rock formations of volcanic origin of pre-Pleistocene age.[3]
Minerals
Gold was found in 1900 in three of the creeks that flow into the harbour when stakes have been claimed. These formations carry mineralized quartz.Шаблон:Sfn Gold has been extracted from Sunset Creek (5 miles long) and Igloo Creek also.Шаблон:Sfn
Aquafauna
Fish species of Pacific sandlance (Ammodytes personatus) is found in fairly large number in the harbor. They feed on crustaceans, barnacle larve, copepods, and chaetognaths. They in turn are the food chain and form the feed source for marine mammals, birds and other species of fish.Шаблон:Sfn Seals are spotted, ringed, and bearded species; spotted is seen when the sea is calm (seals and seal oil form the staple diet of the people who live on the shores of the harbor in towns like Teller). Herring, whitefish, starry flounder, pike and tomcod are netted during spring, fall and midsummer. All five salmon species are found here of which red salmon is the primary catch and they migrate inland to the Salmon Lake to breed. Chum salmon migrate to the Pilgrim River and Agiapuk River. King salmon are rare.[4]
Avifauna
Bird species recorded in the harbor are Pelagic cormorant, pigeon guillemot, horned puffin, common eider, black scoter, Arctic terns, glaucous gulls and White wagtails.[4]
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book|Mendenhall|Richardson
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Bodies of water of Nome Census Area, Alaska
- Ports and harbors of Alaska
- Bodies of water of the Seward Peninsula
- Bodies of water of Alaska
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- Страницы с телепортом
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