Английская Википедия:Great Appalachian Storm of 1950

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Версия от 17:09, 16 марта 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|Extratropical cyclone that struck the Eastern United States in 1950}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}} {{Infobox winter storm|name=Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950 |image location=Great_Appalachian_Storm_1950-11-26_weather_map.gif |image name=Surface analysis showing cyclone near time of maximum intensity on November 25, 1950 |stormtype=Extratropical cyclo...»)
(разн.) ← Предыдущая версия | Текущая версия (разн.) | Следующая версия → (разн.)
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox winter storm

The Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950 was a large extratropical cyclone which moved through the Eastern United States, causing blizzard conditions along the western slopes of the Appalachian Mountains and significant winds and heavy rainfall east of the mountains. Hurricane-force winds, peaking at Шаблон:Convert in Concord, New Hampshire, and Шаблон:Convert in the highlands of New England, disrupted power to 1 million customers during the event.

In all, the storm impacted 22 states, killing 383[1][2][3] people, injuring over 160, and causing $66.7 million in damage (Шаблон:Inflation).[3] U.S. insurance companies paid out more money to their policy holders for damage resulting from the cyclone than for any previous storm or hurricane at the time. The cyclone is also one of only twenty-six storms to rank as a Category 5 on the Regional Snowfall Index.[4]

Termed, the "Storm of the Century".[1][3]

Synoptic history

The preceding atmospheric state was one of La Niña conditions, the cold phase of ENSO, which favors a storm track from the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys into the Appalachians.[5] The cyclone initially formed in southeast North Carolina near a cold front on the morning of November 24 as the main cyclone over the Great Lakes weakened.[6] Rapid development ensued as the surface center began to migrate back into a closed 500 hPa-level (14.75 inHg) (around Шаблон:Convert above sea level) cyclone, and the cyclone bombed while moving north through Washington D.C. the next morning. The former occluded front to its northwest became a warm front which moved back to the west around the strengthening, and now dominant, southern low pressure center. By the evening of November 25, the cyclone retrograded, or moved northwestward, into Ohio due to a blocking ridge up across eastern Canada. It was at this time that the pressure gradient was its most intense across southern New England and eastern New York. A wide area of +4 standard deviation 850mb winds occurred.[7] The cyclone moved west over Lake Erie to the north of the upper cyclone before looping over Ohio as the low-level and mid-level cyclone centers coupled. Significant convection within its comma head led to the development of a warm seclusion, or a pocket of low level warm air, near its center which aided in further development due to the increased lapse rates a warmer low level environment affords under a cold low. After the system became stacked with height, the storm slowly spun down as it drifted north and northeast into eastern Canada over the succeeding few days.[8]

United States effects

This extratropical cyclone rapidly deepened as it moved up the eastern side of the Appalachians during November 24 and November 25 and continued into November 27. Coastal flooding was seen along the U.S. coastline from New Jersey northward.

Southeast

In Alabama, all-time record lows for November were set at Birmingham Шаблон:Convert,[9] Шаблон:Cn span

Kentucky

An all-time record low for November was set at Louisville (Шаблон:Convert.[10]

New Hampshire

Concord recorded a wind gust of Шаблон:Convert during the height of the storm.Шаблон:Cn Winds at Mount Washington reached Шаблон:Convert.[11]

New York

Sustained winds of Шаблон:Convert with gusts to Шаблон:Convert were recorded at Albany, New York. A wind gust of Шаблон:Convert was recorded in New York City. Extensive damage was caused by the wind across New York, including massive tree fall and power outages.[12] Coastal flooding breached dikes at LaGuardia Airport, flooding the runways.[13] Flooding extended to New York City's Office of Emergency Management on the Lower East Side, in Manhattan.[14]

Connecticut

Extensive wind damage with tidal flooding along the coast. On the coast structures and railroad tracks washed away. Plows were needed to remove sand from coastal roads. Roofs torn off on the coast and at the University of Connecticut. The tide at New London was Шаблон:Convert, third highest in the last 100 years. Hartford had sustained winds of Шаблон:Convert, the highest ever on record, with Шаблон:Convert gusts also the highest on record were recorded on 3 separate occasions. The Шаблон:Convert sustained wind recorded at Bridgeport is the 4th highest on record. Other gusts included Шаблон:Convert at Bridgeport and Шаблон:Convert at New Haven.[7]

New Jersey

A wind gust of Шаблон:Convert, the strongest ever recorded in New Jersey, occurred in Newark.[15]

North Carolina

All-time record lows for November were set at Asheville Шаблон:Convert[16] and Wilmington Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Cn

Ohio

On the storm's west side, nearly a foot of snow fell on Dayton, Ohio, which combined with the wind and cold temperatures to constitute their worst blizzard on record.[17] Nearly the entire state was blanketed with Шаблон:Convert of snow, with Шаблон:Convert being measured in eastern sections of Ohio. The highest report was Шаблон:Convert from Steubenville.[18] Snow drifts were up to Шаблон:Convert deep. Winds exceeded Шаблон:Convert with gusts as high as Шаблон:Convert. Bulldozers were used to clear roads.[6] Despite the high winds and snow, the annual football game between the University of Michigan and Ohio State University went on as scheduled in Columbus and was nicknamed the Snow Bowl. When the snow melted during the first four days of December, river flooding occurred in Cincinnati.Шаблон:Cn

Pennsylvania

During the height of the storm, record to near-record flooding occurred along the eastern side of the Appalachians across eastern and central sections of the state. The Schuylkill at Fairmount Dam reached its highest stage since 1902.[19] In Pittsburgh, Шаблон:Convert of snow accumulated from this cyclone. Tanks were used to clear the resultant snow.[20] When a warm spell visited the region during the first four days of December, river flooding struck Pittsburgh.

South Carolina

All-time record lows for November were set at Charleston (Шаблон:Convert) and Greenville (Шаблон:Convert).Шаблон:Cn

Tennessee

All-time record lows for November were set at Chattanooga (Шаблон:Convert),Шаблон:CnKnoxville (Шаблон:Convert),[21] Шаблон:Cn span

West Virginia

Parkersburg recorded Шаблон:Convert of snowfall during the passage of this low, which exceeded its snowiest November on record by over Шаблон:Convert. Pickens reported the highest amount from anywhere within the cyclone, with Шаблон:Convert measured. November 1950 became West Virginia's snowiest month on record.[22] This remarkably heavy snow led to 160 deaths.[23]

Effects in Canada

Ontario

This system was a major snowstorm for the area, with Шаблон:Convert in Toronto on November 24. This set a record for single-day snowfall in November.[24]

Lasting impact

This cyclone was used as a test case for some of the first attempts at numerical modeling of the atmosphere, and is still used as a case study to run recent versions of forecast models. These studies helped create what is now known as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.[25]

Other similar storms

Storms during the time frames November 8–10, 1913, October 22–25, 1923, and November 19–22, 1952 were considered analogous to this cyclone.[26] Despite their similarities, there are some differences. For example, the 1913 event was much more destructive to Great Lakes shipping, while the 1950 storm caused greater snowfall amounts.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:United States winter storms

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA'S TOP U. S. WEATHER, WATER AND CLIMATE EVENTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  4. ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Regional Snowfall Index (RSI). Retrieved on 2014-11-18.
  5. ↑ Joe D'Aleo. SOME MEMORABLE LA NINA NOVEMBER STORMS. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Ohio History. November 23-27, 1950: Great Thanksgiving Storm. Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 The Great Southeaster – November 25, 1950 Meteorologist Ryan Hanrahan November 24, 2012
  8. ↑ Clarence D. Smith, Jr. The Destructive Storm of November 25-27, 1950. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  9. ↑ On This Date In 1950 – Historic November Cold Wave, AlabamaWx, November 25, 2019
  10. ↑ Belski's Blog - Comparing the all time coldest November days, WLKY, November 24, 2020
  11. ↑ The Great Southeaster of 1950, NBC Connecticut, November 24, 2017
  12. ↑ Old Farmers Almanac. Weather—Thanksgiving Storms. Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  13. ↑ Richard Monastersky. Acclimating to a Warmer World. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  14. ↑ Alexis S. Nussbaum. Powerful Hurricanes and Northeasters: Threat to the Big Apple. Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ November 1950: Dr. David Call’s New Book on the Record-Setting Superstorm, College of Sciences and Numanities, November 30, 2022
  17. ↑ Weather Channel. Storms of the Century: #8 – November 1950 "Appalachian Storm." Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  18. ↑ Ron Hahn. November. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  19. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NCDC не указан текст
  20. ↑ Remember Pittsburgh. Snow Disaster. Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  21. ↑ 71 years later, Tennessee and Kentucky still fight over the 1950 football national title, KnoxNews, November 25, 2021
  22. ↑ National Climatic Data Center. Climate of 2003 - February West Virginia Drought. Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  23. ↑ The Great Appalachian Storm: Worst in Ohio Valley history, Spectrum News 1, November 25, 2020
  24. ↑ Weather Doctor. Significant Weather Events: Canada. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  25. ↑ Robert E. Kistler, Louis Uccellini, and Paul J. Kocin. Thanksgiving Weekend Storm of 1950. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  26. ↑ Clarence D. Smith, Jr. and Charlotte L. Roe COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE STORMS OF NOVEMBER 20-22, 1952, AND NOVEMBER 25-27, 1950. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Great_Appalachian_Storm_of_1950&oldid=15022367