Английская Википедия:Great Falls and Old Dominion Railroad

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates

Файл:DC streetcar diagram.JPG
Diagram of Washington area trolley lines (enlargeable image showing Great Falls and Old Dominion Railroad in dark green)

The Great Falls and Old Dominion Railroad (GF&OD) was an interurban trolley line that ran in Northern Virginia during the early 20th century.

History

Файл:John Roll McLean.jpg
Шаблон:Center
Файл:SBElkins.jpg
Шаблон:CenterШаблон:Center

Chartered in 1900 by a group of local landowners and acquired in 1902 by John Roll McLean (owner of The Washington Post) and Senator Stephen Benton Elkins,[1] the 15-mile electrified railroad began operating from Georgetown in Washington, D.C., in 1906. The first trial run was in March of 1906, but only went as far as Difficult Run and the first scheduled car reached Great Falls Park in Fairfax County, Virginia, on July 3 of that year.[2] They laid a second track in 1908.[3]

From Georgetown, the railroad crossed the Potomac River on a superstructure built on the upstream side of the old Aqueduct Bridge to Rosslyn in Arlington, where it made connections with an older electric trolley line, the Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway (see Northern Virginia trolleys).[4] From Rosslyn, the railroad traveled northwest along the north side of Lee Highway (now part of U.S. Route 29) to Cherrydale and then on its own right-of-way (now Old Dominion Drive, Virginia State Route 309) in Arlington and Fairfax Counties through forests, farmland and fruit orchards, bypassing the existing villages of Lewinsville and Langley.[5] At Great Falls, the GF&OD constructed a trolley park, which became a popular destination.

The owners gave their own names to two stations located at the railroad's crossings of major roads: McLean Station at Chain Bridge Road (Virginia State Route 123) and Elkins Station at Old Georgetown Pike (Virginia State Route 193). The station at Chain Bridge Road became a focus for development that evolved into the community of McLean, Virginia.

In 1911, McLean and Elkins incorporated the Washington & Old Dominion Railway (W&OD) and in 1912, the new W&OD signed a 50-year lease on the Southern Railway's Alexandria-Bluemont line. In the same year, it then constructed a double-tracked Bluemont Division connecting line that traveled between two new junctions in Arlington: Bluemont Junction on the Alexandria-Bluemont line and Thrifton Junction on the Georgetown-Great Falls line. The Georgetown-Great Falls line became the Great Falls Division of the W&OD, sharing trackage with the W&OD's Bluemont Division between Rosslyn and Thrifton Junction. In 1935, Fairfax and Arlington counties obtained the right-of-way west of Thrifton Junction in settlement of delinquent taxes. Most of the right-of-way was converted into Old Dominion Drive.

Remnants

Not much remains of the Great Falls Division.

The right-of-way west of Thrifton Junction became Langston Blvd (formally Lee Highway) and Old Dominion Drive; and the right-of-way between the Key Bridge and Thrifton Junction became Interstate 66. The trestle over Difficult Run lasted until 1979, when it was replaced because it could not handle the loads required of it.[6]

Great Falls Trolley Park became Great Falls Park, part of the National Park Service.

Several area names, like the town of McLean, also remain.

Stations

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

The stations on the Great Falls Division of the W&OD (with locations of sites in 2008) were:

Station[7] Location Coordinates Jurisdiction Side of Tracks[8] Photo Notes
Georgetown[9] M Street, N.W., between 35th and 37th Streets, N.W. Шаблон:Coord District of Columbia West Terminal station of GF&OD and W&OD until 1923. Adjacent to Georgetown Car Barn, which served Washington's electric street cars.
Rosslyn[9] Passenger Terminal (1923 to 1938):
Fort Myer Drive (west side) between George Washington Memorial Parkway and Lee Highway
Шаблон:Coord Arlington County West Undated photo of front of station
Undated colorized postcard & 1923 interior photo of passenger terminal
1948
The GF&OD and W&OD stopped at a passenger shelter from 1904 to 1923.
The W&OD terminated behind a passenger station on Fort Myer Drive from 1923 to 1938. The railroad terminated near a maintenance shop in the present route of I-66 a short distance west of Fort Myer Drive from 1938 to 1964.
All of the Rosslyn stations and termini were near the present site of the Key Bridge Marriott Hotel.
Historical Marker: Rosslyn Station[10]
Colonial[9] I-66 at N. Nash Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South
Rosslyn Freight House[9] I-66 near N. Oak Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County North 1959
circa 1963
Mackeys[9] I-66 at N. Quinn Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Northwest
Park Lane[9] I-66 east of N. Uhle Street; north of Lee Highway Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest
Pearce[9] I-66 near N. Adams Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South
Clark[9] I-66 near N. Calvert Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South Near east side of Spout Run.
Thrifton[9] I-66 between Lee Highway and Spout Run Parkway Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South North of Lyon Village shopping center near southeast end of Maywood Historic District.[11] Named for Hugh A. Thrift.[12] East of junction with Thrifton – Bluemont Junction connecting line.
Dominion Heights[13] Lee Highway (between traffic lanes) at N. Monroe Street (east side)[14] Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South Adjacent to Maywood Historic District[14]
Cherrydale[13] Intersection of Lee Highway and Old Dominion Drive at Military Road (east side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest circa 1908
Harrison[13] Old Dominion Drive at N. Thomas Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South
Greenwood[13]
(Lee Heights)[15]
Old Dominion Drive at Lorcom Lane (northwest side); east of N. Upton Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South
Maplewood[13] Old Dominion Drive between traffic lanes north of Lee Highway; west of N. Abingdon Street Шаблон:Coord Arlington County South
Livingston[13]
(Livingstone Heights)[16]
Old Dominion Drive at 24th Street N. (north side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest 24th Street N. was Livingstone Street prior to 1935 (named for Colin H. Livingstone)[17]
Lyonhurst[13] Old Dominion Drive at 25th Street N. Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest Named for the nearby estate of Frank Lyon (now Missionhurst)
Summit[13] Old Dominion Drive at 26th Street N. (southeast side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest
Rixey[13] Old Dominion Drive at N. Glebe Road (east side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Northeast undated Named for the nearby estate of Dr. Presley Marion Rixey.
Marymount University now occupies the Rixey estate.
Later station on southwest side of tracks.[18]
Jewell[19] Old Dominion Drive at Rock Spring Road (north side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County Southwest undated Named for Charles Jewell
Vanderwerken[19] Old Dominion Drive at Little Falls Road (northwest side) Шаблон:Coord Arlington County North Named for Gilbert Vanderwerken
Franklyn Park (Franklin Park)[19] Old Dominion Drive at Franklin Park Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast 1910

undated

Rockwell[19] Old Dominion Drive near Dominion Crest Lane Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest
Chesterbrook[19] Old Dominion Drive at Kirby Road (northwest side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast
El Nido[20] Old Dominion Drive at Birch Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County North
Selva[20] Old Dominion Drive at 6th Place Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest
Viresco[20] Old Dominion Drive between Pimmit Run and Linway Terrace Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast Southeast side of B&O Railroad right-of-way[21][22]
Lawnvale[20] Old Dominion Drive near Holmes Place Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest
McLean[20] Old Dominion Drive at Chain Bridge Road (northwest side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast Named for John Roll McLean
Ingleside[20] Old Dominion Drive at Ingleside Avenue Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast
Balls Hill[23] Old Dominion Drive at Balls Hill Road (east side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County West
Hitaffer[23] Old Dominion Drive at Swinks Mill Road (south side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast
Jackson[23] Old Dominion Drive northwest of Swinks Mill Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest undated
Spring Hill[24] Old Dominion Drive at Spring Hill Road (east side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast
Prospect Hill[24] Old Dominion Drive at Bellview Place Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Northeast undated
Belleview[24] Old Dominion Drive at Bellview Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest undated
Glendale[25] Old Dominion Drive at Towlston Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest
Peacock[25] Old Dominion Drive at Peacock Station Road (east side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County Southwest undated
Fairview[25] Old Dominion Drive at Falls Run Road Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County West
Elkins[25] Old Dominion Drive at Georgetown Pike (north side) Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County West undated
undated
Named for Stephen Benton Elkins.
Dickeys Road Old Dominion Drive in Great Falls Park Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County (National Park Service) Named for Dickey's Inn. Near former site of Matildaville.
Great Falls[25] Old Dominion Drive in Great Falls Park Шаблон:Coord Fairfax County (National Park Service) Inside turnaround undated postcard

undated photo
undated colorized photo of dining hall

Terminal station of GF&OD and Great Falls Division of W&OD.

Maps

W&OD Railway system maps

Topographic Maps

  • 1915 topographic map of northwestern Fairfax County, showing the route of the W&OD Railway's Great Falls Division (Electric RR) between Difficult Run and Great Falls: Шаблон:Cite web
  • 1915 topographic map of Washington, D.C., the city of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Falls Church and northeastern Fairfax County, showing the route of the W&OD Railway's Great Falls Division between Georgetown and Great Falls: Шаблон:Cite web
  • 1917 topographic map of Washington, D.C., the city of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Falls Church and northeastern Fairfax County, showing the route of the W&OD Railway's Great Falls Division between Georgetown and Great Falls: Шаблон:Cite web
  • 1929 topographic map of Washington, D.C., the city of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Falls Church and northeastern Fairfax County, showing the routes of the W&OD Railway's Great Falls Division between Rosslyn and Great Falls:Шаблон:Cite web

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Further reading

External links

  1. Harwood, p. 37.
  2. Harwood, pp. 39-40.
  3. Шаблон:Cite web
  4. Undated photograph of Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad car crossing the Potomac River on the Aqueduct Bridge
  5. Шаблон:Cite web
  6. Шаблон:Cite news
  7. Locations of stations from distances along railroad route from Шаблон:Cite web and Harwood, pp. 139 and 141.
  8. Side of tracks from Шаблон:Cite web
  9. 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 9,7 9,8 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. Rosslyn Station historical marker located at site of Bluemont Junction station of Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. See: Washington and Old Dominion Railroad#Stations
  11. Шаблон:Cite web and Accompanying map
  12. Шаблон:Cite web
  13. 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 13,8 Шаблон:Cite web
  14. 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. 1929 topographic map of Washington, D.C., the city of Alexandria, Alexandria County, Falls Church and northeastern Fairfax County, showing the location of the Lee Heights station on the W&OD Railway's Great Falls Division: Шаблон:Cite web
  16. Harwood, p. 141.
  17. Шаблон:Cite web
  18. Note: Rixey station in undated photo Шаблон:Webarchive was on southwest side of tracks, east of N. Glebe Road (Coordinates: Шаблон:Coord.
  19. 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  20. 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 20,4 20,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  21. Шаблон:Cite web
  22. Шаблон:Cite web Description of planned Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad branch in Virginia.
  23. 23,0 23,1 23,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  24. 24,0 24,1 24,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  25. 25,0 25,1 25,2 25,3 25,4 Шаблон:Cite web