Английская Википедия:Grosse Pointe

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Файл:St. Paul Grosse Pointe.jpg
St. Paul Catholic Church at 157 Lake Shore in Grosse Pointe Farms. The current French Gothic Revival structure was constructed in 1899 and designed by Harry J. Rill.

Grosse Pointe refers to an affluent coastal area next to Detroit, Michigan, United States, that comprises five adjacent individual cities. From southwest to northeast, they are:

The terms "Grosse Pointe" or "the Pointes" are ordinarily used to refer to the entire area, referencing all five individual communities, with a total population of about 46,000. The Grosse Pointes altogether are 10.4 square miles, bordered by Detroit on the south and west, Lake St. Clair on the east and south, Harper Woods on the west of some portions, and St. Clair Shores on the north. The cities are in eastern Wayne County, except for a very small section in Macomb County. The Pointes begin six miles (10 km) northeast of downtown Detroit and extend several miles northeastward, in a narrow swath of land, to the edge of Wayne County. The name "Grosse Pointe" derives from the size of the area, and its projection into Lake St. Clair.[1]

Grosse Pointe is a suburban area in Metro Detroit, sharing a border with northeast Detroit's historic neighborhoods. Grosse Pointe has many famous historic estates along with remodeled homes and newer construction. Downtown Grosse Pointe, along Kercheval Avenue from Neff to Cadieux, nicknamed "The Village," serves as a central business district for all five of the Grosse Pointes, although each of them (except Grosse Pointe Shores) has several blocks of retail. Downtown Detroit is just over seven miles (11 km) west of this downtown area, accessed by Jefferson Avenue, or several other cross-streets.

The north–south area along Lake St. Clair generally coincides with the boundaries of the two public high schools. The southern areas (basically south and west of Moross Road) feature retail districts.

History

Файл:Victorianhomes GP.jpg
Some of the historic homes that can be found in The City of Grosse Pointe

Шаблон:US Census population

Grosse Pointe, recognized for its historic reputation for scenery and landscape, has grown from a colonial outpost and a fertile area for small orchard owners and farmers to a coastal community with prime real estate chosen for grand estates.

The Grosse Pointes were first settled by French farmers in the 1750s after the establishment of the French Fort Pontchartrain. Members of the British empire began arriving around the time of the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Grosse Pointe continued to be the site of lakefront ribbon farms: long narrow farms that each adjoin the lake, useful for irrigation and early transportation needs. Beginning in the 1850s, wealthy residents of Detroit began building second homes in the Grosse Pointe area, and soon afterward, hunting, fishing, and golf clubs appeared. Some grand estates arose in the late 19th century, and with the dawn of the automobile after 1900, Grosse Pointe became a preferred suburb for business executives in addition to a retreat for wealthy Detroiters. By the 1930s, most of the southern and western areas of Grosse Pointe contained established neighborhoods, with remaining gaps and the northern sections such as Grosse Pointe Woods developing after the 1930s.

In 1960, it was revealed that realtors in suburban Grosse Pointe ranked prospective home buyers by using a point system with categories such as race, nationality, occupation, and “degree of swarthiness.” Southern Europeans, Jews, and Poles required higher rankings than Northwestern European people in order to move into the community, while Asians and Blacks were excluded from living in Grosse Pointe altogether. Private detectives were used to investigate potential residents’ backgrounds. The revelation of this practice moved the state corporation and securities commissioner to issue a regulation to bar the licensing of real estate brokers who discriminated on the basis of race, religion, or national origin. Public hearings brought the national attention to the real estate discrimination situation in Detroit, which resulted in the expansion of open housing activity in the city.[2]

A passenger rail line that connected Detroit to Mt. Clemens along the shore was operational by the late 1890s, making Grosse Pointe more accessible. As the automobile became the primary method of transportation and the rail line was decommissioned, the vista of what became Lake Shore Drive gradually improved. Lakeside estates are accessed from Lake Shore Drive and Jefferson Avenue.

Over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, Grosse Pointe has gained a reputation as a notable American suburb; entrepreneurial leadership, recreational activities afforded by the Great Lakes waterway, an international border with Canada, and a focus on quality of education contributed to the successful development of the region. The Russell Alger Jr. House, at 32 Lake Shore Dr., serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial community center. Grosse Pointe contains fifteen recognized Michigan historical markers.[3]

Culture and contemporary life

Файл:Grosse Pointe townhouses.jpg
Townhouses in Grosse Pointe

"The Village", concentrated along Kercheval Avenue in Grosse Pointe, serves as a central business district for the five Pointes with traditional street-side shopping. The Village had its own Sanders Candy and Dessert Shop, founded by Frederick Sanders Schmidt, who opened a store Detroit in 1875. This location was closed in 2020.[4] The Village has become a vibrant district with the emergence of mixed-use developments (more information at the Grosse Pointe page). Grosse Pointe Farms is home to "The Hill" district, located on a small bluff, which includes offices, stores, restaurants, and the main branch of the public library. Near its "Cabbage Patch" district, Grosse Pointe Park has retail and restaurants on multiple cross-streets, as well as a farmer's market held weekly during the warm months. Grosse Pointe Woods' main business district lies along one of its main roads, Mack Avenue.

The recreational lifestyle historically associated with Grosse Pointe has given rise to many private clubs. The Country Club of Detroit in Grosse Pointe Farms features a notable classic course, tennis, and traditional amenities. The Grosse Pointe Yacht Club, at the intersection of Vernier Road and Lakeshore Drive on Lake St. Clair, is an acclaimed boating club. The Grosse Pointe Club, also called the "Little Club," is a highly exclusive, historic club on the lakefront, on a site where wealthy Detroiters and Grosse Pointers have gathered for recreation since its organization in 1885,[5] when Grosse Pointe was a cottage-town. The Lochmoor Club is another club in Grosse Pointe which has an expansive golf course and other amenities. The Hunt Club is the equestrian club of Grosse Pointe. It houses an impressive number of horses and stables for the suburban area.

Файл:GrossePointeMansion.jpg
University Place, Georgian mansion in Grosse Pointe

Many prominent Detroiters, members of the Ford family, including Edsel Ford (son of Henry Ford) and his wife, Eleanor Clay Ford, as well as Henry Ford II (grandson of Henry Ford), have chosen to reside in Grosse Pointe. The Edsel and Eleanor Ford House, at 1100 Lake Shore Drive, is open to the public for guided tours.

Each city has at least one municipal park along Lake St. Clair. The landlocked Grosse Pointe Woods has its park at the southern tip of St. Clair Shores, adjacent to Grosse Pointe Shores. Access to each of these parks is restricted to residents of its municipality, causing occasional controversy among residents of both Grosse Pointe and other neighborhoods in Metro Detroit. Jefferson Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Detroit, becomes Lakeshore Drive between Grosse Pointe Farms and Grosse Pointe Shores, and is the scenic carriageway of all five Grosse Pointes, after skirting the eastern neighborhoods of Detroit. Lakeshore Drive was featured on HGTV's television program Dream Drives and in the films Grosse Pointe Blank and Gran Torino.

The region is home to University Liggett School, Michigan's oldest independent school, and two public high schools: Grosse Pointe South High School and Grosse Pointe North High School, which are the termini of the Grosse Pointe Public School System.

Newspapers and community organizations generally serve all five cities, as do the public library and school system, but municipal services are separate. The Grosse Pointe News, on a weekly basis, and the Grosse Pointe Times, on a semi-weekly basis, publish local news, though the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News provide the majority of regional, national and international news.

Architecture

Файл:WindmillPt.jpg
Windmill Point (1925), Tudor Revival mansion by Hugh T. Keyes

Grosse Pointe has a significant collection of historic architecture as well as some newer mansions. Albert Kahn designed the Edsel & Eleanor Ford House (1927) at 1100 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe.[6] Rose Terrace (1934–1976), the mansion of Anna Thompson Dodge, once stood at 12 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe. Designed by Horace Trumbauer as a Louis XV styled château, Rose Terrace was an enlarged version of the firm's Miramar in Newport, Rhode Island.[7] A developer, the highest bidder for Rose Terrace, demolished it in 1976 to create an upscale neighborhood. This gave a renewed sense of urgency to preservationists.[7] The Dodge Art Collection from Rose Terrace may be viewed at the Detroit Institute of Arts. The Italian Renaissance styled Russell A. Alger House (1910), at 32 Lakeshore Dr., by architect Charles A. Platt serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial.[8] Many noted architects designed works in Grosse Pointe including Albert Kahn, Marcel Breuer, Marcus Burrowes, Chittendon and Kotting, Crombie & Stanton, Wallace Frost, Robert O. Derrick, John M. Donaldson, Louis Kamper, August Geiger, William Kessler, Hugh T. Keyes, George D. Mason, Charles A. Platt, Leonard Willeke, Eliel and Eero Saarinen, Field, Hinchman, and Smith, William Buck Stratton, and Minoru Yamasaki. Included below are examples of some of Grosse Pointe's many historic structures.

Landmarks

Name[9][10][11][12] Image Year Location Style Architect Notes
Grosse Pointe Academy Файл:GrossePointeAcademy2.JPG 1928 171 Lake Shore Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		Tudor William Schickel,
Magginnis and Walsh 		Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13] Formerly known as the Academy of the Sacred Heart.
Country Club of Detroit Файл:220countryclub.JPG 1927 220 Country Club Dr. Tudor SmithGroup
Russell A. Alger Jr. House[14] Файл:Moorings.JPG 1910 32 Lake Shore Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		Italian Renaissance Charles A. Platt Grosse Pointe War Memorial. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Beverly Road Historic District Файл:BeverlyRoadHistoricDistrict.JPG 1911 23-45 Beverly Rd.
Шаблон:Coord 		Colonial,
Neo-Renaissance,
Tudor 		Albert Kahn, Robert O. Derrick, Raymond Carey, and Marcus Burrowes, et al. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Ralph Harmon Booth House Файл:315Washington.JPG 1924 315 Washington Road Tudor, Jacobean Marcus Burrowes Originally home of U.S. Minister to Denmark, Detroit Institute of Arts Philanthropist, and brother of George Gough Booth, Шаблон:Convert.
JP Bowen House Файл:16628EastJefferson.JPG 1927 16628 East Jefferson French colonial Wallace Frost A Шаблон:Convert lakefront estate.
Buck-Wardwell House Файл:Buck-Wardwell House.jpg 1840 16109 East Jefferson, at Three Mile Colonial William Buck The oldest extant brick house in Grosse Pointe, a large colonial home.
Christ Church Chapel Файл:ChristChurchChapel.JPG 1930 61 Grosse Pointe Rd.
Шаблон:Coord 		Neo-Gothic Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Defer Elementary School Файл:Defer Elementary School, Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan (October 12, 2008).jpg 1924 15425 Kercheval
Шаблон:Coord 		Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Charles A. Dean House- "Ridgeland" Файл:221Lewiston.JPG 1924 221 Lewiston. Mediterranean, Tuscan Hugh T. Keyes A Шаблон:Convert hillside estate.
Paul Harvey Deming House "Cherryhurst" Файл:PaulHarveyDeming.JPG 1907 111 Lake Shore Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		Tudor Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13][15]
C. Goodlee Edgar House 1910 880 Lake Shore Dr. Colonial Revival Albert Kahn [10]
Benson Ford House- "Woodley Green" Файл:WoodleyGreen.jpg 1934 635 Lake Shore Dr. Georgian Hugh T. Keyes The house is the former home of Benson Ford, grandson of Henry Ford.[12] Also known as the Emory W. Clark House.[11]
Edsel and Eleanor Ford House[16] Файл:EdselFordHouse1.jpg 1927 1100 Lakeshore Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		Cotswold Albert Kahn,
Jens Jensen 		President of Ford Motor Company, son of Henry Ford, the Шаблон:Convert estate is open to the public for guided tours. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, located in Macomb County.
Henry Ford II House Файл:160Provencal.JPG 1957 160 Шаблон:Not a typo Rd. Georgian The mansion has Шаблон:Convert and is the former home of Henry Ford II, chairman and CEO of Ford Motor Company, grandson of Henry Ford.[12]
Grosse Pointe South High School[17] Файл:GPSouthHS.jpg 1928 11 Grosse Pointe Blvd.
Шаблон:Coord 		Georgian George J. Haas Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Grosse Pointe Memorial Church Файл:GrossePointeMemorialChurch.JPG 1927 16 Lake Shore Dr. Neo-Gothic William E.N. Hunter Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Grosse Pointe Yacht Club Файл:Grosse Pointe yacht club.jpg 1929 Lake Shore Dr. at Vernier Venetian Guy Lowell
Henry B. Joy House[18] Lake Shore Dr. at Kerby Albert Kahn "Fair Acres" estate, home of the President of the Packard Motor Company.
J. Bell Moran House- "Bellmoor" Файл:15420WindmillPointe.JPG 1928 15420 Windmill Pointe Drive Tudor Robert O. Derrick A Шаблон:Convert lakefront mansion, the centerpiece of the Windmill Pointe strand of mansions.
Purdy-Kresge House Файл:1012ThreeMileDrive.JPG 1929 1012 Three Mile Drive Tudor Leonard Willeke A Шаблон:Convert house along a notable row.
Saint Paul Catholic Church[19] Файл:SaintPaulGrossePointeFarms.JPG 1899 157 Lake Shore Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		French Gothic Harry J. Rill Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Murray Sales House Файл:251Lincoln.JPG 1917 251 Lincoln Neo-Renaissance Louis Kamper A white-stucco estate designed by the famed Washington Blvd. architect.
Carl E. and Alice Candler Schmidt House Файл:CandlerSchmidt.JPG 1904 301 Lake Shore Rd.
Шаблон:Coord 		Tudor Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
William B. and Mary Chase Stratton House Файл:Stratten.JPG 1927 938 Three Mile Dr.
Шаблон:Coord 		Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
"Kasteel Batavia" R.W. Judson House Файл:KasteelBatavia15324WindmillPointWinterGrossePointe.JPG 1927 15324 Windmill Pointe Drive.
Шаблон:Coord 		Tudor Wallace Frost A Шаблон:Convert lakefront mansion, Original site of the Windmill with one of the only remaining original French missionary pear trees. Home of the President of Continental Motors.
John T. Woodhouse House Файл:Woodhouse.JPG 1920 33 Old Brook Ln.
Шаблон:Coord 		Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]
Sutton Residence Файл:175Merriweather.jpg 1931 175 Merriweather Road Colonial Louis Kamper The smallest family home by Kamper; built for his niece Paula Kling Sutton, and husband John R. Sutton Jr.
F. Caldwell Walker House Файл:211Vendome.JPG 1929 211 Vendome Rd Colonial Robert O. Derrick F. Caldwell Walker, grandson of distiller Hiram Walker, commissioned the Шаблон:Convert mansion.[20]

Notable residents

Файл:Edsel Bryant Ford.jpg
Edsel Ford of Grosse Pointe was the son of Henry Ford and served as the President of the Ford Motor Company.
Файл:Roy D. Chapin hec.19010.jpg
Roy D. Chapin of Grosse Pointe was the founder of the Hudson Motor Car Company and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce.

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References and further reading

External links

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  1. ↑ Farmer, Silas (1890). History of Detroit and Wayne County and Early Michigan, p. 129. Munsell & Co.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Farmer 1890, p. 340.
  6. ↑ A&E with Richard Guy Wilson, Ph.D.,(2000). America's Castles: The Auto Baron Estates, A&E Television Network.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Zacharias, Patricia (June 24, 2000).Mrs. Dodge and the Regal Rose Terrace. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  8. ↑ Grosse Pointe War Memorial, the Russell A. Alger Mansion. Retrieved on November 24, 2007.
  9. ↑ Historic sites online Шаблон:Webarchive Michigan Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on December 11, 2007.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 Grosse Pointe Historical Society.
  13. ↑ 13,00 13,01 13,02 13,03 13,04 13,05 13,06 13,07 13,08 13,09 13,10 13,11 National Register of Historic Places - Michigan: Wayne County. National Park Service. Retrieved on December 12, 2007.
  14. ↑ Russell A. Alger Jr. House Шаблон:Webarchive. Michigan Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on December 6, 2007.
  15. ↑ Michigan State Historic Preservation Objects Шаблон:Webarchive.Deming, Paul Harvey, House. Retrieved on April 5, 2008.
  16. ↑ Edsel and Eleanor Ford House Шаблон:Webarchive. Michigan Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on December 6, 2007.
  17. ↑ Grosse Pointe High School Шаблон:Webarchive. Michigan Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on December 11, 2007.
  18. ↑ Henry B. Joy House.Grosse Pointe Historical Society. Retrieved on December 6, 2007.
  19. ↑ St. Paul Roman Catholic Church Complex Шаблон:Webarchive. Michigan Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on December 11, 2007.
  20. ↑ Cox, Sarah and Jessica J. Trevin (September 26, 2011).Sunday Mansion Touring. Detroit.curbed.com, Detroit Free Press. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
  21. ↑ Archived at GhostarchiveШаблон:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineШаблон:Cbignore: Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
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