Английская Википедия:Grotte Casteret
The Grotte Casteret, also known by its Spanish names Gruta de Casteret or Gruta Helada de Casteret, is a limestone ice cave, located high in the Spanish Pyrenees, within the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. Discovered in 1926 by Norbert Casteret, it is known for its Grande Salle (Great Hall) which has a frozen lake some Шаблон:Convert in area, its ice formations, and a Шаблон:Convert ice wall into a second chamber.
Description
The Grotte Casteret is situated at the top of a scree / snow couloir Шаблон:Convert ESE of the Brèche de Roland, and has an impressive entrance porch some Шаблон:Convert wide, and Шаблон:Convert high. After Шаблон:Convert the passage opens out into the vast ice-floored Grande Salle, about Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide, and Шаблон:Convert high. Its floor is a frozen lake of clear ice with a surface area of about Шаблон:Convert. Large ice columns dominate the end of the chamber. To the left of the chamber an opening leads into the Salle Maude at the base of a Шаблон:Convert ice-wall called Niagara.[1]
Beyond the Grande Salle, the ice floor gives way to a mainly boulder-floored passage which leads after Шаблон:Convert leads to a Шаблон:Convert climb which emerges in a lapiaz field on the surface. Casteret's original survey shows the passage extending for a further Шаблон:Convert, but this is no longer accessible.[2]
A third entrance, the Puits Florence, lies on the plateau above the cave. It is Шаблон:Convert deep, with the final Шаблон:Convert being a vertical shaft entering the Grande Salle.[3]
History
The cave was first entered by the family Casteret (Norbert Casteret, his mother, his wife, and his brother) in July 1926 when they explored most of the main passage. He and his wife returned in September 1926 when they achieved the through trip.[2][4] The Salle Maude was discovered and explored in August 1950 by Casteret and his daughters Maude and Gilberte.[2] The third entrance, the Puits Florence, was first descended in August 1975 by the Club Martel.[5]
Geology and formation
The Grotte Casteret is formed in Cretaceous limestone.[6] The ice in the Grande Salle is ponded and has formed as the result of cold air flowing through the system, with areas out of the draught being water.[7] The deeper ice is considered to be very old, and possibly relict of a cold period of the Quaternary.[5] The volume of ice in the Grande Salle has decreased since its discovery. In 1950 the entry into Salle Maude was a low crawl across the ice floor about Шаблон:Convert high. In 1988 it was reported that the gap was Шаблон:Convert high as a result of the ice floor lowering.[8]
Access
Access is controlled by the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park authorities. A barrier has been erected within the entrance, and a sign prohibits access to the casual visitor. Two groups of up to 6 cavers, are allowed access for a maximum of four days per month.[9][10]
References
Notes
Sources
- ↑ St. Pierre (2007)
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbcra-5не указан текст - ↑ St. Pierre (2007), pp. 16
- ↑ Casteret (2007)
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 St. Pierre (2007), pp. 10
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Casteret (1950), pp. 133
- ↑ St. Pierre (2007), pp. 17–18
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
