Английская Википедия:Guaduas Formation
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox rockunit The Guaduas Formation (Шаблон:Lang-es, K2P1G, K2E1G, KPgg, KTg, TKg, Ktg) is a geological formation of the Middle Magdalena Basin and the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly shale with coalbed formation dates to the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene periods; Maastrichtian-Paleocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of Шаблон:Convert. Fossils of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.
Etymology
The formation was first described by Hettner in 1894 and named in 1931 by Hubach after Guaduas, Cundinamarca, former northern territory of the Panche.[1]
Description
Lithologies
The Guaduas Formation consists mainly of shales with intercalated sandstone beds. The formation contains coalbeds that are widely explored in the area.[2] Fossil remains of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.[3][4][5]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The Guaduas Formation unconformably[6] overlies the Arenisca Labor-Tierna Formation of the Guadalupe Group and is overlain by the Cacho Formation. The age has been estimated to be Upper Maastrichtian-Lower Paleocene, spanning the K-T boundary.[7] The Guaduas Formation is thicker in Cundinamarca than in Boyacá. This has been explained by a decrease in subsidence and a higher amount of erosion in the northern area of original deposition.[8] The lateral thickness variations are thought to be the result of the movement of the Soapaga Fault.[9] The formation has been deposited in a coastal plain setting.[4]
Outcrops
Шаблон:Location map The Guaduas Formation is apart from its type locality, found in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá, the Ocetá Páramo and many other locations in the Eastern Ranges, such as Granada,[10] the Dintel Synclinal north of Facatativá,[11] the Suesca Synclinal,[12] east of Junín,[13] and surrounding Lake Tota.[14] The northeast-southwest Canocas Fault crosscuts the Guaduas Formation near San Cayetano.[15] The synclinals of the Río Frío, Neusa, Zipaquirá, Checua-Lenguazaque, Sesquilé, Sisga, Subachoque, Teusacá and Usme and Soacha are composed of the Guaduas Formation.[2] The Suba Hills are entirely composed of the Guaduas Formation.[16] The formation also has outcrops in the Sumapaz Páramo.[17]
Regional correlations
Шаблон:Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges Шаблон:Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin
Gallery
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Coal mining in the Guaduas Formation
Ocetá Páramo
See also
- Шаблон:Icon Geology of the Eastern Hills
- Шаблон:Icon Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
- Шаблон:Icon Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Notes and references
Notes
References
Bibliography
Maps
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
- Шаблон:Cite LSA
External links
- ↑ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.51
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.52
- ↑ Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi at fossilworks.org
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Berhamniphyllum sp. & Archaeopaliurus boyacensis at fossilworks.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Paleodb
- ↑ Villamil, 2012, p.208
- ↑ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
- ↑ Mariño & Amaya, 2016, p.B9
- ↑ Amaya et al., 2010
- ↑ Plancha 246, 1998
- ↑ Plancha 227, 1998
- ↑ Plancha 190, 2009
- ↑ Plancha 191, 1998
- ↑ Plancha 192, 1998
- ↑ Planchas 171 & 191
- ↑ Geological Map Bogotá, 1997
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Geología y geomorfología - Salida de Campo: Región Llanos Orientales
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