Английская Википедия:HDMS Herluf Trolle (1899)
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
HDMS Herluf Trolle was the lead ship of the Шаблон:Sclass of coastal defense ships built for the Royal Danish Navy. The Herluf Trolle class was built in response to a naval construction program in neighboring Imperial Germany. The Danish ships were built in the late 1890s and early 1900s. They were armed with a main battery of two Шаблон:Cvt guns and were capable of a top speed of Шаблон:Convert. Because she was intended to operate as part of a solely defensive naval strategy, Herluf Trolle had a fairly uneventful career. She visited Britain in 1902 to represent Denmark at the coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra. During World War I, Denmark remained neutral and Herluf Trolle was assigned to the defense forces that guarded Danish territorial waters. Sharply reduced naval budgets in the 1920s and 1930s curtailed further activities, and in 1932, she was discarded for scrap.
Design
By the end of the 19th century, which had seen Denmark's decline from a major navy before the devastating Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 to a minor coastal defense force by the 1890s, the Royal Danish Navy was primarily concerned with countering the naval strength of its neighbor, Imperial Germany. In the early 1890s, the Germans had completed eight coastal defense ships of the Шаблон:Sclass and Шаблон:Sclasses, prompting the Danish government to consider strengthening their fleet in 1894 in response. As work on the design began, the designers reviewed the lessons of the First Sino-Japanese War, which was fought over the course of 1894 and into 1895. Funds for the first ship, Herluf Trolle, were authorized in 1896.Шаблон:Sfn
Characteristics
Herluf Trolle was Шаблон:Cvt long between perpendiculars, with a beam of Шаблон:Cvt and an average draft of Шаблон:Cvt. She displaced Шаблон:Cvt as designed. As the ships were intended to operate in Denmark's shallow coastal waters, they had a low freeboard. They had a shore forecastle forward to improve seakeeping. Herluf Trolle had a fairly large superstructure that included an armored conning tower. Her crew amounted to 254 officers and enlisted men.Шаблон:Sfn
The ship was powered by a pair of triple-expansion steam engines that drove a pair of screw propellers. Steam for the engines was provided by six coal-burning water-tube boilers, which were vented through a single funnel placed amidships.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's propulsion system was rated to produce Шаблон:Convert for a top speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
The ship's armament was centered on a main battery of two Шаблон:Cvt 40-caliber guns mounted individually in gun turrets, one forward and the other aft. These were supported by a secondary battery of four Шаблон:Cvt 43-caliber guns, which were placed in casemates in the side of the hull. Close-range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a light battery of ten 6-pounder guns, three 1-pounder Hotchkiss revolver cannon, and eight 1-pounder automatic guns. She also carried three Шаблон:Cvt torpedo tubes.Шаблон:Sfn
Armor protection consisted of Krupp cemented steel. The ship's armor belt was Шаблон:Cvt thick, and it connected to her armor deck that was Шаблон:Cvt. Above the deck, the sides of the superstructure, where the 150 mm guns were housed, received Шаблон:Cvt of armor plate. Her main battery turrets received Шаблон:Cvt of armor plate on their faces and sides.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Service history
Funds for the first ship of the class were approved on 18 August 1896. Work on Herluf Trolle began at the Orlogsværftet shipyard in Copenhagen, with her keel laying on 20 July 1897.Шаблон:Sfn She was launched on 2 September 1899,Шаблон:Sfn and the launching ceremony was attended by King Christian IX and his daughter Alexandra, who was by then the Princess of Wales.Шаблон:Sfn Work on the ship was completed in 1901.Шаблон:Sfn At that time, Denmark's naval strategy was entirely defensive; the coastal defense ships like Herluf Trolle were intended to guard the island of Zealand (where the capital at Copenhagen lay) in combination with coastal artillery batteries, and defensive minefields, and to support flotillas of torpedo boats in the confined waters of the Danish Strait.Шаблон:Sfn
In August 1902, Herluf Trolle visited Britain to represent Denmark at the fleet review for the coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra.Шаблон:Sfn By 1910, all three of the Herluf Trolle-class ships had been completed, and they operated in the summer training squadron together for the first time that year. The three ships carried out routine peacetime training activities through mid-1914, by which time tensions had risen significantly in the lead-up to World War I.Шаблон:Sfn
After war broke out in August 1914, Denmark established the Шаблон:Lang (security force) to enforce its neutrality during the conflict. The Danish fleet, which at that time consisted of Herluf Trolle and her two sisters, fifteen torpedo boats, seven submarines, and six mine-warfare vessels, employed a strategy of laying minefields in its territorial waters to prevent belligerent ships from entering. The surface warships, including Herluf Trolle, patrolled the narrow and shallow waterways, where they would be difficult to attack in the event that Denmark was brought into the conflict. They were divided into two units: 1st Squadron, which was to defend Copenhagen, and 2nd Squadron, which patrolled the Great Belt. Herluf Trolle and her sisters alternated between the two units as needed, such as when vessels needed to withdraw for maintenance.Шаблон:Sfn
In the aftermath of World War I, the Danish naval budget was significantly reduced, which kept much of the fleet laid up due to a lack of funds. Naval budgets continued to be cut through the 1920s and into the early 1930s, preventing most ships from going to sea.Шаблон:Sfn Herluf Trolle went to sea for the last time in 1930.Шаблон:Sfn With no funds to maintain her, the Danish navy struck Herluf Trolle from the naval register on 30 April 1932 and sold her to be broken up for scrap in 1934.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's 240 mm and 150 mm guns were retained for use as coastal artillery, the latter being installed at Kongelund. During World War II, after Germany invaded Denmark, the Germans moved the 150 mm guns to Gniben. After the war, all of the remaining guns were scrapped in 1947–1948.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
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Шаблон:Herluf Trolle-class coastal defence ships
