Английская Википедия:Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché

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Шаблон:Infobox settlement Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché (also known as Dzoyaxché) is located in the Mérida Municipality in the state of Yucatán in southeastern Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom. It is part of the Cuxtal Ecological Reserve which was set aside in 1993 to protect both the man-made and natural history of the reserve area of Mérida.

Toponymy

The name (San Nicolás Dzoyaxché) is a combination of Maya and Spanish terms. "San Nicolás" is Spanish for the patron saint of the chapel, Nicholas of Tolentino[1] and "Dzoyaxché" is derived from the Mayan language. It comes from the words "dzo" meaning row and "yaxché", meaning ceiba. Thus a row of sacred trees.[2]

How to get there

The property is located 27 km south of Mérida on Calle 42.

History

Шаблон:Main

The chapel on the property was built in 1926 and every year from 10 to 20 September, fiesta in honor of the patron saint is held. There is a carving in marble from an Italian artist in the chapel dating from 1888. In 1952, the owner of the property was Francisco Martínez de Arredondo y Castro. When he died, it was inherited by Josefina Molina Vda. de Martínez de Arredondo. In 1962, she sold a portion of the hacienda to Nacional Financiera.[1]

On 28 June 1993 the Cuxtal Ecological Reserve was designated to protect the history of the 7 large haciendas, their adjoining pueblos, 12 minor archaeological sites, 6 cenotes and one of Mérida's important water supply stations.[3] Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché was part of this historic designation.[4]

Within the reserve are the following protected haciendas:[4]

The property currently allows tours, private events, and offers horseback riding, bicycle paths, swimming in the cenote and picnic grounds for nominal fees.[1][5]

Architecture

The Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché is built in a colonial style. One of its unique features is that the house is built over the Cenote Dzonot-Ich.[6]

The tram, powerhouse and[1] machines are relics of the former use of the hacienda for henequen production.[6]

Demographics

All of the henequen plantations ceased to exist as autonomous communities with the agrarian land reform implemented by President Lazaro Cardenas in 1937. His decree turned the haciendas into collective ejidos, leaving only 150 hectares to the former landowners for use as private property.[7] Figures before 1937 indicate populations living on the farm. After 1937, figures indicate those living in the community, as the remaining Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché houses only the owner's immediate family.

According to the 2005 census conducted by the INEGI, the population of the city was 412 inhabitants, of whom 218 were men and 194 were women.[8]

Population of Dzoyaxché by year
Year 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005
Population 235 183 155 193 246 301 317 361 366 412

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

  • Bracamonte, P and Solís, R., Los espacios de autonomía maya, Ed. UADY, Mérida, 1997.
  • Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán, "Los municipios de Yucatán", 1988.
  • Kurjack, Edward y Silvia Garza, Atlas arqueológico del Estado de Yucatán, Ed. INAH, 1980.
  • Patch, Robert, La formación de las estancias y haciendas en Yucatán durante la colonia, Ed. UADY, 1976.
  • Peón Ancona, J. F., "Las antiguas haciendas de Yucatán", en Diario de Yucatán, Mérida, 1971.

Photo gallery

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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