Английская Википедия:Hans Dammers

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Hans Dammers (8 August 1913 – 17 March 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 113 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. During his numerous ground attack missions he destroyed eleven aircraft, eight locomotives, 39 horse-drawn wagons, 34 trucks, three anti-aircraft emplacements and one armored reconnaissance vehicle.

Born in Scherpenberg near Moers, Dammers was trained as a fighter pilot and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in 1941. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 31 August 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. On 23 August 1942, Dammers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for 58 aerial victories claimed. He was credited with his 100th aerial victory on 5 May 1943. He then served as an instructor with Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, a supplementary fighter pilot training unit. In January 1944, he was posted to 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 52. Dammers died on 17 March 1944 in a hospital at Stanislau from wounds sustained in a mid-air collision.

Career

Dammers was born on 8 December 1913 in Scherpenberg, present-day a borough of Moers, at the time in the Rhine Province of the German Empire. Following flight training as a fighter pilot,Шаблон:Refn he was posted to the 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 52, in the summer of 1941.Шаблон:Sfn

War against the Soviet Union

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was ordered to Bucharest by mid-June.Шаблон:Sfn There, the unit was subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) and reequipped with the new, more powerful Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 model. On 21 June 1941, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești.Шаблон:Sfn Prior to the invasion, Major Gotthard Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).Шаблон:Sfn On 27 August, III. Gruppe had reached an airfield named Stschastliwaja located approximately Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Oleksandriia.Шаблон:Sfn There, Dammers claimed his first aerial victory on 31 August over a Polikarpov I-16 fighter aircraft. The following day, he was credited with another I-16 fighter shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

On 24 September, III. Gruppe moved to the Poltava Air Base, supporting the 17th Army in the First Battle of Kharkov.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 October, Dammers claimed his third aerial victory over another I-16 fighter. Three days later, he claimed an I-26 fighter, an early Luftwaffe designation for a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn On 23 October, III. Gruppe moved from Poltava to Chaplynka.Шаблон:Sfn The following day, he claimed a Polikarpov I-15 fighter aircraft near Ishun.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 November, the Gruppe moved to Taganrog where they stayed until 1 January 1942.Шаблон:Sfn During this period, Dammers claimed two I-16 fighters on 6 December, another I-16 fighter on 9 December, and his last claim in 1941, a further I-16 fighter, on 27 December.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Eastern Front 1942-05 to 1942-11.png

The German advance: May to November 1942. Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

On 29 April, III. Gruppe had relocated to Zürichtal, a small village at the Inhul in the former German settlement west of Feodosia in the Crimea during the Crimean campaign. On 1 May, the Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and was supporting the 11th Army in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula and the Siege of Sevastopol.Шаблон:Sfn That day, he claimed his first aerial victory of 1942 and tenth in total when he shot down a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn Operating from Zürichtal, Dammers claimed eight further aerial victories, increasing his total to 18 victories claimed.Шаблон:Sfn On 12 May III. Gruppe relocated again and was ordered to an airfield named Kharkov-Rogan, Шаблон:Convert east of Kharkov where they participated in the Second Battle of Kharkov.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, Dammers claimed three aerial victories over MiG-1 fighters in the combat area of Staryi Saltiv on the Donets.Шаблон:Sfn Over the next weeks, III. Gruppe was moved several times. On 19 May, the Gruppe moved to Barvinkove where they stayed until 12 June mostly fighting over the encircled Soviet forces in the Izium salient.Шаблон:Sfn Here, Dammers claimed an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and three Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers on 26 May.Шаблон:Sfn

The Grupp was then ordered to Belgorod and to Grakowo, located approximately halfway between Kharkov and Kupiansk, on 22 June.Шаблон:Sfn That day, Dammers became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time when shot down five Soviet fighter aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 June, German forces had launched Case Blue, the strategic summer offensive in southern Russia. On 7 July, Army Group A began their advance towards the oil fields in the Caucasus.Шаблон:Sfn On 10 July, Dammers was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Three days later, III. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Luhanske.Шаблон:Sfn There on 17 July, Dammers (flying Bf 109 G-2 Werknummer 13435—factory number) and his wingman Unteroffizier Kurt Keser jumped Soviet Yak-1 fighter pilot (then Starshiy Leytenant) Aleksandr Pokryshkin, but the future second highest scoring Soviet ace managed to shoot both down. Keser was killed and Dammers bailed out.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

On 19 July, III. Gruppe moved to Taganrog, staying there until 29 July.Шаблон:Sfn Dammers continued his successes, shooting down two Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3s on 28 July, and on 6 August 1942 he claimed an Polikarpov I-153 biplane fighter and two LaGG-3s. Dammers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 23 August 1942, nominated after 51 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn The presentation was made by Hermann Graf.Шаблон:Sfn On 27 August, III. Gruppe reached an airfield named Gonschtakowka located north-northeast of Mozdok on the Terek. There Dammers became an "ace-in-a-day" for the second time on 5 September over five Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighters which took his total to 63 aerial victories claimed.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 September, III. Gruppe reached an airfield named Soldatskaya, west of Mozdok. The Gruppe would remain here until 1 January 1943 but would also use airfields at Mozdok and Digora.Шаблон:Sfn Operating from Soldatskaya, Dammers increased his number of aerial victories to 75 by 18 September.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of 1942, his total number of aerial victories had increased to 89, making him the fourth most successful fighter pilot of III. Gruppe.Шаблон:Sfn

On 15 March 1943, Dammers' 7. Staffel was placed under the command of Oberleutnant Walter Krupinski.Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead on 1 April 1943 where it was based at an airfield at Taman. Operating from Taman until 2 July, III. Gruppe also flew missions from Kerch on 12 May, from Sarabuz and Saky on 14 May, Zürichtal, present-day Solote Pole, a village near the urban settlement Kirovske on 23 May, and Yevpatoria on 25/26 June.Шаблон:Sfn On 5 May 1943, Dammers was credited with his 100th aerial victory, claiming two LaGG fighters that day.Шаблон:Sfn He was the 39th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn

Fighter pilot instructor and death

Файл:9-JG52-ins.svg

Karaya emblem

In May 1943, Dammers transferred to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, specialized training unit for new fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front, as an instructor. On 23 July, he was severely injured in a ground accident when his Bf 109 overturned at Laleu Airfield. Following his recovery, he was transferred to 9. Staffel of JG 52, also known as the Karaya-Staffel, of JG 52 in January 1944.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, 9. Staffel was under the command of Oberleutnant Erich Hartmann.Шаблон:Sfn This Staffel was also subordinated to III. Gruppe of JG 52. Its commanding officer von Bonin had been replaced by Hauptmann Günther Rall on 5 July 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

III. Gruppe was based at Mala Vyska in early January 1944. On night of 9/10 January, the airfield was overrun by Soviet T-34 tanks and had to be abandoned in a hurry. The Gruppe then moved to an airfiel at Novokrasne located approximately Шаблон:Convert east of Pervomaisk.Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe stayed in Mala Vyska until 22 February when it withdrew to Uman.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 March, II. Gruppe headed to Kalynivka and to Vinnytsia on 8 March and then to Proskuriv on 12 March.Шаблон:Sfn There, Dammers claimed his last two aerial victories, a LaGG fighter on 12 March and another the following day.Шаблон:Sfn

Dammers' Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20162—factory number) "yellow 9" was struck on 13 March 1944 by debris from a shot down Lavochkin La-5 near Oleschyn.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Dammers bailed out but his parachute got caught on his wing. Dammers succumbed to his injuries and died in hospital on 17 March 1944 in Stanislau, present-day Ivano-Frankivsk.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was posthumously promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).Шаблон:Sfn Dammers was married to Gertrud Dammers, née Falkenburg. The couple had two sons, Manfred and Hans-Joachim.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Dammers was credited with 113 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Authors Obermaier and Spick also list Dammers with 113 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, plus further 23 unwitnessed claims.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In numerous ground attack missions, he destroyed eleven aircraft, eight locomotives, 39 horse-drawn wagons, 34 trucks, three anti-aircraft emplacements and one armored reconnaissance vehicle.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 103 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 06894". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn – Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1	31 August 1941	10:11	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4	17 October 1941	07:27	I-26 (Yak-1)Шаблон:Sfn
2	1 September 1941	18:15	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		5	24 October 1941	12:50	I-15Шаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Ishun
3	14 October 1941	16:51	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn – Winter War — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
6	6 December 1941	08:25	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		8	9 December 1941	08:58	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
7	6 December 1941	13:51	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		9	27 December 1941	11:20	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn – Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
10	29 April 1942	17:39	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		50	27 July 1942	07:01	R-5Шаблон:Sfn
11	30 April 1942	13:34	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn		51	28 July 1942	18:35	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn
12	2 May 1942	18:08	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		52	28 July 1942	18:35	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn
13	3 May 1942	07:08	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		53	6 August 1942	11:02	I-153	PQ 06894Шаблон:Sfn
14	5 May 1942	18:18?Шаблон:Refn	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		54	6 August 1942	13:15	LaGG-3	PQ 05233Шаблон:Sfn
15	8 May 1942	15:43	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		55	6 August 1942	13:19	LaGG-3	PQ 16774, west of ArmawirШаблон:Sfn
16	8 May 1942	15:48	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		56	15 August 1942	08:29	LaGG-3	PQ 34412Шаблон:Sfn
17	9 May 1942	12:24	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		57	15 August 1942	08:35	LaGG-3	PQ 34434Шаблон:Sfn
18	9 May 1942	12:29	Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn		58	31 August 1942	16:03?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 49392Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Stalingrad
19	13 May 1942	11:25	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		59♠	5 September 1942	09:35	P-40	PQ 49294Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
20	13 May 1942	14:12	MiG-1	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staryi SaltivШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Saltow	60♠	5 September 1942	09:38	P-40	PQ 59321Шаблон:Sfn
21	13 May 1942	14:23	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		61♠	5 September 1942	09:45	P-40	PQ 59193Шаблон:Sfn
22	14 May 1942	04:12	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		62♠	5 September 1942	12:40	P-40	PQ 49411Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
23	14 May 1942	04:14	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		63♠	5 September 1942	12:43	P-40	PQ 49413Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
24	14 May 1942	11:22	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		64	8 September 1942	06:11	Yak-1	PQ 49294Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
25	16 May 1942	07:25	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		65	13 September 1942	16:07	Il-2	PQ 49331Шаблон:Sfn over Stalingrad
26	16 May 1942	07:26	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		66	14 September 1942	12:33	Yak-1	PQ 49362Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Stalingrad
27	17 May 1942	17:03	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		67	14 September 1942	16:02	LaGG-3	PQ 49272Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
28	18 May 1942	10:25	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		68	14 September 1942	16:12	LaGG-3	PQ 49413Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
29	18 May 1942	10:25	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		69	15 September 1942	04:57	La-5	PQ 49283Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
30	19 May 1942	07:58	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		70	15 September 1942	14:08	LaGG-3	PQ 49411Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
31	24 May 1942	17:52	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		71	15 September 1942	14:15	LaGG-3	PQ 49274Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
32	26 May 1942	11:13	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		72	17 September 1942	12:40	LaGG-3	PQ 49412Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
33	26 May 1942	15:38	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		73	17 September 1942	16:51	LaGG-3	PQ 49424Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
34	26 May 1942	15:47	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		74	18 September 1942	14:25	La-5	PQ 49133Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Grebenka
35	26 May 1942	15:53	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn	east of Izium	75	18 September 1942	14:29	LaGG-3	PQ 49212Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Grebenka
36	31 May 1942	16:44	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		76	20 September 1942	06:58	Yak-1	PQ 40742Шаблон:Sfn
37	1 June 1942	06:52	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		77	20 September 1942	07:02	Yak-1	PQ 40743Шаблон:Sfn
38	1 June 1942	06:56	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		78	22 September 1942	14:37	Yak-1	PQ 49423Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
39♠	22 June 1942	08:30	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		79	22 September 1942	14:38	Yak-1	PQ 49401Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Kurpjok
40♠	22 June 1942	08:34	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		80	22 September 1942	14:56	Yak-1	PQ 49413Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
41♠	22 June 1942	14:16	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		81	23 September 1942	16:30	Yak-1	PQ 40794Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Grebenka
42♠	22 June 1942	14:34	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn		82	23 September 1942	16:34	Yak-1	PQ 40753Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Gumrak
43♠	22 June 1942	14:40	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn		83	25 September 1942	16:15	Yak-1	PQ 40734Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Grebenka
44	23 June 1942	16:37	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		84	24 November 1942	11:54	LaGG-3	PQ 43213Шаблон:Sfn
45	25 June 1942	07:53	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		85	28 November 1942	13:40	LaGG-3	PQ 44761Шаблон:Sfn
46	17 July 1942	10:12	I-15Шаблон:Sfn		86	28 November 1942	13:41	Il-2	PQ 44733Шаблон:Sfn
47	21 July 1942	07:26	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		87	28 November 1942	13:50?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 44593Шаблон:Sfn
48	21 July 1942	12:40	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		88	29 November 1942	13:36	MiG-1	PQ 44761Шаблон:Sfn
49	21 July 1942	12:46	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		89	29 November 1942	13:40	MiG-1	PQ 44734Шаблон:Sfn
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn – Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
90	20 March 1943	06:40	Pe-2	PQ 34 Ost 66493Шаблон:Sfn lake north of Cape Achileon	96?Шаблон:Refn	28 April 1943	17:36	LaGG	north of Mertschanskaja
91	16 April 1943	14:45	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 85114Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mertschanskaja	97	29 April 1943	17:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75263Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Nowo-Bakanskaja
92	18 April 1943	16:17	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75451Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Novorossiysk	98	3 May 1943	13:35	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85151, northeast of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Abinsk
93	23 April 1943	17:11	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75411Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Vasilyevka	99	4 May 1943	09:10	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 85112Шаблон:Sfn north of Mertschanskaja
94	27 April 1943	17:19	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85114, east of KrymskajaШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mertschanskaja	100	5 May 1943	11:01	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85181Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Usun
95	28 April 1943	13:18	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85172, southwest of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn southwest of Abinsk	101	5 May 1943	11:08	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85123Шаблон:Sfn east of Mertschanskaja
– Claims with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn – Eastern Front — March 1944
102	12 March 1944	16:40	LaGG	PQ 25 Ost 7035Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn	103	13 March 1944	08:50	LaGG	PQ 25 Ost 60632Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Balakliia

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
• Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 29 June 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilotШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 10 July 1942 as Unteroffizier in the 7./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 August 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

References

Bibliography

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External links

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