Английская Википедия:Haven-class hospital ship

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

The Haven class of hospital ships were built for the United States Navy (USN) during World War II. Haven-class ships also served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. They were among the first ships to be able to receive casualties directly by helicopter and were the first fully air conditioned ships in the USN. The first ship was laid down in July 1943, while the last was launched in August 1944. In that span the United States produced six Haven-class hospital ships. The last Haven-class ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1989. One ship sank in a collision in 1950; the five others were scrapped. Haven-class hospital ships were replaced with the Шаблон:Sclasss.

Design and description

Файл:USS Benevolence (AH-13).jpg
Benevolence moored in Bikini Atoll lagoon, during Operation Crossroads, in mid-July 1946.

The class was based upon the United States Maritime Commission's (MARCOM) Type C4 ship (as C4-S-B2 design). The six hospital ships of the Haven class had a standard displacement of Шаблон:Convert and a full load displacement of Шаблон:Convert. They measured Шаблон:Convert long at the waterline and Шаблон:Cvt long overall with a beam of Шаблон:Cvt and a maximum draft of Шаблон:Cvt. The ships were propelled by a single shaft driven by General Electric geared turbines powered by steam from two Babcock & Wilcox boilers, creating Шаблон:Convert. This gave the vessels a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert. They had a complement of between 568 and 574. The vessels could handle 802 patients during World War II. The ships were air conditioned.Шаблон:Sfn

Modifications

After the war, the ships had a landing platform added aft to allow for the medical evacuation of patients by helicopter except for Benevolence.Шаблон:Sfn In 1967–1968 Sanctuary was modernised and the vessel's hospital capacity was shrunk to 750 beds, with a crew of 375 including 17 officers and 323 hospital staff including 24 doctors, 29 nurses, 3 dentists and 258 medical corpsmen.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel underwent further modification in 1972–1973 when its designation was changed to "dependent support ship" and had special facilities for obstetrics, gynecology, maternity and nursery services and became the first ship with a mixed male-female crew.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Ships in class

Файл:Hospital ship USS Repose (AH-16) in 1945.jpg
A 52-bed ward aboard Repose
Файл:USS Consolation (AH-15) Inchon 1952.jpg
Consolation off Korea in 1952
Haven class construction data
Hull number Name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Fate
AH-12 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Hawk) Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Company 1 July 1943Шаблон:Sfn 24 June 1944Шаблон:Sfn 5 May 1945Шаблон:Sfn Sold to private interests 1969, renamed Alaskan, scrapped in 1987–1988.Шаблон:Sfn
AH-13 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Lion) 26 July 1943Шаблон:Sfn 10 July 1944Шаблон:Sfn 12 May 1945Шаблон:Sfn Sunk 1950 off California coast after collision.Шаблон:Sfn
AH-14 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Dolphin) 20 August 1943Шаблон:Sfn 25 July 1944Шаблон:Sfn 24 April 1945Шаблон:Sfn Sold for scrap 15 July 1974.Шаблон:Sfn
AH-15 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Walrus) 24 September 1943Шаблон:Sfn 1 August 1944Шаблон:Sfn 22 May 1945Шаблон:Sfn 1960 chartered for private use and renamed Hope. Returned to USN and sold for scrap 1975.Шаблон:Sfn
AH-16 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Beaver) 22 October 1943Шаблон:Sfn 8 August 1944Шаблон:Sfn 26 May 1945Шаблон:Sfn Sold for scrap 1975.Шаблон:Sfn
AH-17 Шаблон:USS (ex-Marine Owl) 22 November 1943Шаблон:Sfn 15 August 1944Шаблон:Sfn 20 June 1945Шаблон:Sfn Sold to private interests in 1989. Scrapped in 2011–2012.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Файл:USNS Sanctuary (T-AH-17) 1973.jpg
USNS Sanctuary in 1973

The Haven-class ships were initially constructed initially as MARCOM Type C4 standard cargo ships and were given standard cargo ship names. However, their hulls were chosen for conversion to hospital ships on 22 June 1944.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The ships were all given names implying comfort and help.Шаблон:Sfn The first two ships of the class were completed in time to serve in the Pacific Theater during World War II.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn All five ships served in the repatriation of troops and former prisoners of war to the United States in the immediate postwar era. Haven and Benevolence were assigned to Operation Crossroads, a series of nuclear weapon tests. Haven and Benevolence were placed in reserve in following tests, but were reactivated for the Korean War.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During the reactivation process, Benevolence was struck by a merchant ship while re-entering harbor and was sunk in August 1950. 18 people were killed and 13 reported missing.Шаблон:Sfn The rest of the hospital ships served in the Korean War, with Consolation being the first hospital ship to accept helicopter evacuations for casualties directly from the battlefield.Шаблон:Sfn Following the end of the war, all of the ships ended up placed out of commission in reserve.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Consolation was chartered by the People to People Health Foundation in 1960 and operated by American President Lines offering medical treatment to undeveloped regions of the world. The ship was renamed Hope during this charter.Шаблон:Sfn Repose and Sanctuary were reactivated for service in the Vietnam War.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

In 1969 Haven was sold to private interests, converted to a chemical tanker and renamed Clendenin and then Alaskan.Шаблон:Sfn Tranquillity was sold for scrap in 1974.Шаблон:Sfn After being returned to the USN, Consolation was sold for scrap in 1975.Шаблон:Sfn Repose was taken out of service in 1970 and sold for scrap in 1975.Шаблон:Sfn Sanctuary underwent modernisation in 1972–1973 for a planned deployment to Piraeus, Greece. Re-designated a "dependent support ship", the ship was intended to provide medical and other services to the dependents of American service personnel stationed at Piraeus, in conjunction with the planned homeporting of an aircraft carrier and six destroyers in the Greek city.Шаблон:Sfn However, the deployment was cancelled but Sanctuary became the first USN ship to deploy with a mixed male-female crew.Шаблон:Sfn Sanctuary was placed in reserve in 1975 and remained there until being sold in 1989 to private interests. Initially the ship's planned use was as a floating hospital in Africa, but the plan failed. Then, the vessel was used as a drug rehabilitation facility at Baltimore, Maryland. Finally, the last Haven-class ship, the ex-Sanctuary was sold for scrap in 2011.Шаблон:Sfn Haven-class hospital ships were replaced with the Шаблон:Sclasss.

See also

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Haven class hospital ship

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