Английская Википедия:Hayley Wood
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox SSSI Hayley Wood is a Шаблон:Convert biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Great Gransden in Cambridgeshire.[1][2] It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 1,[3] and it is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.[4] It was the subject of a book by the academic and woodland expert Oliver Rackham, listed below, who regularly visited and recorded his observations of the woodland in his notebooks.[5]
History
A large wood in this area of the parish was mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book, but by 1251 it had been split into two: Hayley Wood (40 acres) and Littlehound Wood (32 acres). Agriculture in the area declined after 1350 and the wooded area expanded; by 1650, Hayley Wood covered Шаблон:Convert and Littlehound 40 acres. In around 1655, Littlehound was 'new stubbed' and disappeared under cultivation, although its outline can still be seen in the form of field boundaries.[6] Hayley Wood was confiscated from the Bishop of Ely by Queen Elizabeth in 1579 and whenceforth became privately owned.[7]
The Varsity Line - a railway between Bedford and Cambridge - ran along the wood's northern edge between 1863-1969.[7] Now disused and dismantled, its bed hosts a variety of flowers such as hairy violet and clustered bellflower.[8] In 1962, Hayley Wood was the first site to be purchased by the recently formed Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Naturalists' Trust[8] (now the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire).[9]
Geography
Hayley Wood lies in the south-east corner of the civil parish of Little Gransden in Cambridgeshire, 10 miles (17 km) south-west of Cambridge and 45 miles (73 km) north of London.[10] The clay soil is heavy, leading to waterlogged conditions[11] on the flat hilltop.[7]
Flora and fauna
The structure of Hayley Wood is coppice-with-standards of field maple, ash, hazel and hawthorn species, with a canopy of pedunculate oak and small areas of small-leaved elm. Most of the oak trees date from between 1780–1840, older than most woodland oaks.[7]
The soil favours oxlip and meadowsweet – the wood is described as 'one of the largest oxlip woods on the chalky Boulder Clay in Britain'.[11] bluebell and yellow archangel grow in drier parts. Plants typical of ancient woodland, including wood anemone, dog's mercury and early purple orchid, grow;[7] bird's-nest orchid and pale sedge can also be found.
Management
There are many ancient coppice stools in the wood; coppicing was practiced from at least the 13th Century until the early 20th Century, with a revival from 1964.[7] Dead wood is left as it is an excellent habitat for liverworts and woodpeckers.[7]
The rides and glades are mown to keep nutrient levels down. Most of the wood is surrounded by a fence, erected in 1972,[7] to exclude deer, which has had the effect of reversing the decline in Hayley Wood's Oxlip population.[4]
Access
There is access from the B1046 road by Hayley Lane.
References
Sources
Oliver Rackham, 1975: Hayley Wood; its history and ecology; Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Naturalists' Trust Ltd.
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:SSSIs Cambridgeshire Шаблон:Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 'Parishes: Little Gransden', A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 5 (1973), pp. 87-99. Retrieved 10 April 2009
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 Rackham, Oliver (1997). The Illustrated History of the Countryside. Second Edition. Phoenix Illustrated, London. pp98-101. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Streetmap.co.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2009
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Natural England SSSI citation. Retrieved 10 April 2009
- Английская Википедия
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