Английская Википедия:Heathcote, Ilkley
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Heathcote is a Neoclassical-style villa in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England. Designed by architect Edwin Lutyens, it was his first comprehensive use of that style,[1] making it the precursor of his later public buildings in Edwardian Baroque style and those of New Delhi.[2] It was completed in 1908.
In December 2014 English Heritage designated it a Grade I listed building, raising it from the Grade II* designation that it received in 1979.[3] In its new listing for Heathcote, English Heritage called it a "pivotal" building in Lutyens's career, and "an imaginative and inventive essay in Mannerism".[4] The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[5]
House
In 1906,[2] Lutyens was commissioned by John Thomas Hemingway (1857–1926), a wealthy self-made Bradford wool merchant, and his wife Emma Jane, to replace their existing villa, which was at the lower, southern end of a sloping site,[6] Шаблон:Convert in extent.[7] Lutyens was given a free rein in the design. He built the new villa at the top of the site, in a size and style intended to dominate the neighbouring villas.[6] Lutyens had already mixed elements of classical architecture into his earlier, vernacular and Neo-Georgian designs, and his correspondence with Herbert Baker displayed a growing enthusiasm for classical architecture.[2] Later, he acknowledged a stylistic debt at Heathcote to the 16th-century Italian architect Michele Sanmicheli. Lutyens has been criticised for using a grand style more suited to a public building than to the Hemingways' dwelling.[6] Lutyens came to call his new style "Wrennaissance", after Christopher Wren.[8]
The house is built of local ashlar: yellow Guiseley stone decorated with grey stone from Morley,[10] with rustication on the ground floor and on the tall chimneys. The main features of the house and gardens are symmetrical around a north-south axis.[2] English Heritage have identified a compositional influence from the 17th-century French architect François Mansart.[4] The house has a three-storey central block, set back between two flanking two-storey pavilions to east and west, each with an additional one-storey outer wing. Each of these five components has a hip roof,[4] made of red pantiles.[10]
Entry is from King's Road, via a walled entrance court, to a door in the centre of the north elevation. The central hall leads out to a terrace garden giving a view southwards towards Ilkley Moor.[7] The south, garden elevation is more elaborate than the north, with wrought-iron balconies, additional setbacks in the central bay, and Doric pilasters on the flanking pavilions.[2] English Heritage have called the south elevation a "witty reinterpretation" of Michele Sanmicheli's Porta Palio in Verona.[4]
For the interior design, Lutyens continued the classical theme.[2] The vestibule floor was white marble.[11] The hall had green Siberian marble columns, a black marble staircase and a vivid green carpet. Blue was used for some other surfaces, and for the Lutyens-designed furniture.[12] He also designed star-shaped light fittings.[2] Other interior features designed by Lutyens which remain intact include the fireplaces, cabinets and cupboards.[4]
Emma Jane Hemingway died in the house in 1937.[6] The company NG Bailey used the building as offices from 1958 to 2011. After a planning application to split it into two apartments was unsuccessful, it was converted back into an eight-bedroom house in 2012.[13]
Gardens
The gardens were laid out by Lutyens,[5] with pools and parterres, and retaining walls for the terracing, including that of the central lawn.[7] The Grade I listing of 12 December 2014 combined numerous garden and courtyard features that were individually Grade II* listed, as well as some outbuildings and a pair of cottages fronting onto King's Road.[4]
The planting of the gardens was by garden designer Gertrude Jekyll.[14]
See also
Notes
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:City of Bradford
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- ↑ Gradidge (1981), p. 44.
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Gradidge (1981), pp. 63–68
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Шаблон:NHLE
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:NHLE
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Brown (1996), pp. 133–136
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 7,0 7,1 7,2 Brown (1982), pp. 108–109.
- ↑ Wilhide (2012), p. 32.
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 9,0 9,1 9,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 10,0 10,1 Amery (1981), pp. 108–109.
- ↑ Wilhide (2012), p. 82.
- ↑ Wilhide (2012), p. 136.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Brown (1982), p. 186.
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