Английская Википедия:Heinz Marquardt
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person
Heinz "Negus" Marquardt (29 December 1922 – 19 December 2003) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Marquardt was credited with 121 aerial victories—that is, 121 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—with a further 16 unconfirmed victories in 320 combat missions. All but one of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front.
World War II
Marquardt was born on 29 December 1922 in Braunsberg, present-day Braniewo in Poland, at the time in East Prussia a province of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 September 1941, he was posted to the Jagdfliegerschule 5 (JFS 5—5th fighter pilot school), stationed at the Le Havre – Octeville airfield in France. As of 1 February 1942, he served as a fighter pilot instructor and flew a number of operational sorties on the Channel Front with the operational squadron of JFS 5.Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front
On 1 August 1943, Marquard was transferred to the 11. Staffel (11th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) operating on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn His transfer to JG 51 occurred during the Soviet Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation where it supported the 8th Army.Шаблон:Sfn The Staffel was commanded by Hauptmann Adolf Borchers and subordinated to IV. Gruppe of JG 51 headed by Major Hans-Ekkehard Bob.Шаблон:Sfn According to Obermaier, Marquardt claimed his first aerial victory on 2 October, shooting down an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn
On 22 June 1944, Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration, the strategic offensive operation against Army Group Centre. In consequence, IV. Gruppe was moved to Mogilev that day and to an airfield named Bayary located Шаблон:Convert northeast of Minsk and Шаблон:Convert east of Barysaw.Шаблон:Sfn Following the German retreat, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Lida, which is Шаблон:Convert west of Minsk, on 3 July.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 August, Marquardt claimed a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter near Osowiec Fortress. Later that day, IV. Gruppe retreated to an airfield at Tilsit, present-day Sovetsk located on the south bank of the Neman River. The next day, as part of the group expansion from three Staffeln per Gruppe to four Staffeln per Gruppe, 10. Staffel was re-designated and became the 13. Staffel while 11. Staffel became the 14. Staffel of JG 51.Шаблон:Sfn Marquardt was then transferred and served with 13. Staffel which was commanded by Leutnant Peter Kalden.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 August, IV. Gruppe moved to Modlin Airfield located approximately Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw. Here, the Gruppe predominately flew combat missions to the area north and northeast of Warsaw. The next day, Marquardt claimed a Yak-9 fighter shot down northeast of Warsaw.Шаблон:Sfn On 10 September, Marquardt was awarded German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Following a brief period of little combat in central Poland, Marquardt became an "ace-in-a-day" on 7 October, claiming two Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and a Douglas A-20 Havoc bomber, also known as Boston, on the first mission of the day.Шаблон:Sfn
Marquard and his Gruppenkommandeur (group commander), Hauptmann Heinz Lange, both received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 18 November for 89 and 70 aerial victories respectively.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 April 1945, Marquardt was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 102nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn On a transfer flight of new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9 to his unit, he was credited with four aerial victories over Yakovlev Yak-3 on 25 April 1945.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 April, Marquardt accidentally ran his Fw 190 D-9 into a drainage ditch on a transfer flight. Due to lack of spare parts, the damage was not reparable and the aircraft was blown up to prevent it from falling to the enemy.Шаблон:Sfn
On 1 May 1945 Marquardt became Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:'s last casualty of the war when he was shot down by Royal Air Force Spitfires north of Berlin.Шаблон:Sfn Marquardt had led a flight of six Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9 on an escort mission of 12 Fw 190 F-8 ground attack aircraft from Redlin on a mission to Berlin. After completing the mission the aircraft returned to Schwerin. During the landing approach the flight came under attack of 6 Spitfire Mk XIV from No. 41 Squadron. Marquardt ordered his flight to cover the landing of the ground attack fighters while he and his wingman, Feldwebel Radlauer, attacked the Spitfires from below. Marquardt claimed one of the attackers but was shot down as well along with two other Fw 190s. Radlauer saw Marquardt's Fw 190 crash in flames but did not observe any sign of life. Marquardt was initially reported as killed in action but he had bailed out injured and was taken to a hospital in Schwerin, where he was taken prisoner of war shortly after.Шаблон:Sfn
Later life
Following World War II, Marquardt served in the newly established German Air Force of West Germany with the rank of Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) on 16 August 1956. He served with Jagdgeschwader 73 (JG 73—73rd Fighter Wing) and Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 42 (LeKG 42—42nd Light Combat Wing). Marquardt retired on 30 September 1973, having risen to the rank of Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel). Following his retirement, he became good friends with former Flight Lieutenant Peter Cowell who had shot him down on 1 May 1945. Marquardt died on 19 December 2003 in Hammersbach.Шаблон:Sfn
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Marquardt was credited with 121 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn His aerial victories were claimed on 320 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Marquardt was credited with more than 121 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 39551". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn | |||||||||
1 | 17 October 1943 | 09:32 | Yak-1 | southwest of St. BudnizaШаблон:Sfn | 27 | 6 July 1944 | 10:25 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 65531Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Telchje |
2 | 28 October 1943 | 06:40 | Yak-1 | west of PjatichatkiШаблон:Sfn | 28 | 6 July 1944 | 10:29 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 65534Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Navahrudak |
3 | 21 November 1943 | 09:50 | Il-2 | LoschkarewkaШаблон:Sfn | 29 | 9 July 1944 | 19:13 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 54852Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Slonim |
4 | 22 November 1943 | 14:32 | Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn | PavlovskoyeШаблон:Sfn | 30 | 9 July 1944 | 19:17 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 54845Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Baranavichy |
5 | 11 December 1943 | 11:07 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 39551Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west Borovichi |
31 | 17 July 1944 | 17:47 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 41881Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Brody |
6 | 10 January 1944 | 11:19 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 80681Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Vinnytsia |
32 | 20 July 1944 | 14:35 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 40565Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil |
7 | 10 January 1944 | 11:21 | Yak-1 | PQ 25 Ost 80681Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Vinnytsia |
33 | 21 July 1944 | 14:49 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 50517Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Berezhany |
8 | 9 April 1944 | 13:32 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 50731Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Ternopil |
34 | 24 July 1944 | 07:46 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 20265Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Sanok |
9 | 29 April 1944 | 10:30 | R-5 | PQ 24 Ost 59354Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia |
35 | 31 July 1944 | 10:35 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 36859Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kėdainiai |
10 | 29 April 1944 | 10:31 | R-5 | PQ 24 Ost 59354Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia |
36 | 31 July 1944 | 13:16 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 46777Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Ukmergė |
11 | 29 April 1944 | 10:32 | R-5 | PQ 24 Ost 59363Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Kolomyia |
37 | 1 August 1944 | 06:23 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 35321Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Marijampolė |
12 | 2 May 1944 | 05:44 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 40261Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Zolochiv |
38 | 1 August 1944 | 10:48 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 35314Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Marijampolė |
13 | 2 May 1944 | 05:45 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 50141Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Zolochiv |
39 | 1 August 1944 | 10:58 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 35347Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Marijampolė |
14 | 10 May 1944 | 07:10 | R-5 | PQ 24 Ost 59287Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia |
40 | 2 August 1944 | 08:00 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 25429Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld |
15 | 10 May 1944 | 07:11 | R-5 | PQ 24 Ost 59264Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia |
41 | 2 August 1944 | 08:02 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 25438Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld |
16 | 18 May 1944 | 08:20 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 50474Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Ternopil |
42 | 4 August 1944 | 07:52 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 36599Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Kėdainiai |
17 | 23 May 1944 | 11:09 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 50386Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Ternopil |
43 | 5 August 1944 | 08:08 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 36731Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai |
18 | 28 May 1944 | 06:35 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 50512Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Berezhany |
44 | 5 August 1944 | 08:10 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 36729Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Kėdainiai |
19 | 8 June 1944 | 11:20 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 50183Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Brody |
45 | 7 August 1944 | 13:30 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 25433Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld |
20 | 8 June 1944 | 11:23 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 50164Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Brody |
46 | 8 August 1944 | 11:05 | Yak-1 | PQ 25 Ost 36544Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Nemakščiai |
21 | 8 June 1944 | 11:30 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 50168Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Zolochiv |
47 | 8 August 1944 | 11:10 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 36575Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai |
22 | 17 June 1944 | 13:21 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 50882Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Ternopil |
48 | 8 August 1944 | 11:12 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 36573Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai |
23 | 4 July 1944 | 20:55 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 65661Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna |
49 | 9 August 1944 | 11:56 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 35388Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Marijampolė |
24 | 4 July 1944 | 20:57 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 65623Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna |
50 | 9 August 1944 | 14:51 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 35334Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Marijampolė |
25 | 4 July 1944 | 20:58 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 65622Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna |
51 | 9 August 1944 | 14:54 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 25 Ost 25466Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Marijampolė |
26 | 4 July 1944 | 20:59 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 65625Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Maladzyechna |
52 | 14 August 1944 | 10:55 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 24619Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Łomża |
– 13. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn | |||||||||
53 | 16 August 1944 | 17:22 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 26627Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Nemakščiai |
72?Шаблон:Refn | 13 October 1944 | 09:26 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 03639Шаблон:Sfn |
54 | 17 August 1944 | 10:51 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 26631Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nemakščiai |
73 | 13 October 1944 | 12:11 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13511Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw |
55 | 17 August 1944 | 10:54 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 26635Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nemakščiai |
74 | 13 October 1944 | 15:26 | Boston?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 25 Ost 13517Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw |
56 | 29 August 1944 | 09:56 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13523Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Warsaw |
75 | 15 October 1944 | 11:42 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13573, JabłonnaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw |
57 | 1 September 1944 | 13:44 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13519Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Warsaw |
76 | 15 October 1944 | 11:46 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13546Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw |
58 | 4 September 1944 | 17:18 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13259Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Ostrołęka |
77 | 17 October 1944 | 14:52 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13341Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
59 | 4 September 1944 | 17:21 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 13219Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ostrów |
78 | 17 October 1944 | 14:53?Шаблон:Refn | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03446Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
60 | 4 September 1944 | 17:25 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13245Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ostrów |
79 | 19 October 1944 | 10:12 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13344Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk |
61 | 5 September 1944 | 18:42 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 13344Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
80 | 19 October 1944 | 10:14 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13347Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
62 | 11 September 1944 | 15:23 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13722Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Warsaw |
81 | 19 October 1944 | 10:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13378Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
63 | 15 September 1944 | 12:26 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 03699Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Warsaw |
82 | 21 October 1944 | 15:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13316Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk |
64♠ | 7 October 1944 | 12:54 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 13373Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
83 | 23 October 1944 | 09:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 03493Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw |
65♠ | 7 October 1944 | 12:58 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 13348Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
84♠ | 24 October 1944 | 08:40 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 03469Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
66♠ | 7 October 1944 | 13:04 | Boston | PQ 25 Ost 13555Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
85♠ | 24 October 1944 | 11:18 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03498Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw |
67♠ | 7 October 1944 | 16:10 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03461Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin |
86♠ | 24 October 1944 | 13:52 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 13171Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Ciechanów |
68♠ | 7 October 1944 | 16:11 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03465Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
87♠ | 24 October 1944 | 13:54 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 13147Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Ciechanów |
69♠ | 7 October 1944 | 16:14 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03469Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk |
88♠ | 24 October 1944 | 13:57 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 25 Ost 13142Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk |
70♠ | 7 October 1944 | 16:16 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 03463Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Nasielsk |
89 | 25 October 1944 | 12:23 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13177Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk |
71♠ | 7 October 1944 | 16:17 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 03567Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Warsaw |
|||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 89 to 98 were not documented.Шаблон:Sfn The author Prien, Stemmer, Balke and Bock state that the aerial victory records of IV. Gruppe dated later than November 1944 are incomplete.Шаблон:Sfn | |||||||||
99 | 14 April 1945 | 09:00+ | Yak-3 | 108 | 18 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | ||
100 | 14 April 1945 | 09:00+ | Yak-3 | 109 | 18 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Il-2 | ||
101 | 15 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | P-39 | 24 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | |||
102 | 15 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | P-39 | 24 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | |||
103 | 15 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | 24 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | |||
104 | 16 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | 24 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | |||
105 | 16 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | 27 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | |||
106 | 18 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Il-2 | 120 | 29 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Il-2 | ||
107 | 18 April 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Yak-3 | 121 | 1 May 1945 | Шаблон:Center | Spitfire | Lake Schwerin |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (26 July 1944)Шаблон:Sfn
- German Cross in Gold on 10 September 1944 as Oberfeldwebel in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:Sfn
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 November 1944 as Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 13./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
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Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces
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