Английская Википедия:Helene Scheu-Riesz

Helene Scheu-Riesz (18 September 1880 – 8 January 1970) was an Austrian women's rights activist, pacifist, children's writer and publisher. In addition to supporting the Austrian women's movement, in November 1900 together with Yella Hertzka and three others she founded the Viennese Women's Club (Erster Wiener Frauenklub). She later became active in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, representing Austria at the organization's 1919 international congress in Zürich, the 1921 congress in Vienna and the 1924 congress in Washington, D.C. Scheu-Riesz took a special interest in children's literature, translating and writing books herself and founding the publishing house Шаблон:Lang in 1923. After the death of her husband, the Austrian intellectual and social democrat politician Шаблон:Ill, as she was of Jewish heritage, in 1937 she moved to the United States. There she created the publishing house Island Press on the remote Ocracoke Island. She founded Open Sesame Inc. New York in 1949 to continue her philanthropic work of distributing world literature as a means of promoting internationalism and peace. In 1954, she returned to her house in the Hietzing district of Vienna where she spent the remainder of her life.

Early life and family

Born on 18 September 1880 in Olmütz, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic), Helene Riesz was the only child of Susanne (née Beer) and the Jewish wine merchant Adolf Riesz. During her infancy, the family settled in Klosterneuburg, just north of Vienna.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She attended the Шаблон:Lang, a private high school established to allow girls to take the matura examination which was required for university entrance.Шаблон:Sfn She took law courses at Vienna University but did not graduate.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Around the age of eighteen, she traveled to England and studied literature. She became fascinated with penny booklets which published literature for children in an inexpensive format that was accessible to even the poorest families.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She also became interested in the settlement movement, which focused on providing housing, employment assistance, language instruction, and medical care for urban poor and immigrant residents.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Returning to Austria, Riesz became active in the women's movement, publishing articles in support of women's rights and taking a special interest in opportunities for children.Шаблон:Sfn As early as 1900, together with Yella Hertzka, Margarethe Jodl, Marie Lang and Dora von Stockert-Meynert she founded the Viennese Women's Club (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn In 1904, she left the Jewish faith and married the lawyer Шаблон:Ill (1875–1935) with whom she had two children: Шаблон:Ill (1905) and Elisabeth (1912).Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She joined the Religious Society of Friends, becoming one of Austria's first Quakers.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Scheu-Riesz and her husband gained a central position in Viennese society thanks to their salon, to which they invited local and international celebrities, including the composers Alban Berg, Anton Webern and Arnold Schönberg, the painter Oskar Kokoschka, the actresses Elisabeth Neumann-Viertel and Helene Weigel, the architect Adolf Loos, who designed her house in Hietzing, and the educational innovator Eugenie Schwarzwald.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Activism

Portrait of a seated young woman with her arms clasped in her lap.

Scheu-Riesz, by Pauline Kruger Hamilton, 1914

Inspired by the cheap yet attractive booklets with short stories for children which had become popular in England, in 1905 Scheu-Riesz established a committee, along with Eugenie Hottmann and another activist, to organize the publication in German of similar little books for children at affordable prices in Austria. The beautifully illustrated collection focused on fairy tales and children's stories in German which cost far less than the poorly presented editions which were appearing in the shops for Christmas at horrendous prices. Most of the stories were rewritten by women with attractive new titles. Families were invited to purchase books for children, instead of or along with toys. Subscriptions were also available, allowing the committee to print large volumes of the stories for children's hospitals and humanitarian associations.Шаблон:Sfn Scheu-Riesz saw books as a means of creating better understanding between peoples and improving international relationships.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Over the years, frequently traveling to England, she collected children's stories from various countries and assembled a collection of over 300 volumes, which also included French stories.Шаблон:Sfn Under the influence of her friend Eugenie Schwarzwald, Scheu-Riesz became active in educational reform.Шаблон:Sfn From the time of her teenage visit to London, she had tried to find a publisher interested in producing inexpensive, high-quality literature for children and young people.Шаблон:Sfn She was able to realize these plans in 1923 when she founded her own publishing house, Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn The name was a play on the phrase "open sesame" from the tale "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" which magically opened the door (to knowledge), and its philanthropic mission took prevalence over earning a profit.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, the two leading children's publishers were Шаблон:Lang (Gerlach's Youth Library) and Шаблон:Lang (Konegen's Children's Books) and she took over the market share of Konegen.Шаблон:Sfn

Scheu-Riesz campaigned for women's suffrage and worked in the international settlement movement. She wrote articles which appeared in the October 1913 issue of Шаблон:Lang on both issues.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She urged women to join the Austrian Voting Rights Committee to fight for their rights as citizens.Шаблон:Sfn After attending the 10th International Housing Congress in The Hague, she encouraged women to get involved in housing reforms. In the Netherlands, she reported she had met a woman housing inspector who focused on improving housing legislation and actively encouraged women and girls to participate in elevating the lives of apartment dwellers through social and artistic programs.Шаблон:Sfn Scheu-Riesz linked housing initiatives and education as meeting points for new ideas and after World War I, was involved in a government housing program which constructed homes for 50,000 people.Шаблон:Sfn She also pressed authorities to eliminate nationalist curricula from schools and focus on more practical learning.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn In addition to updating the materials used in schools, she wrote articles urging that teaching staff and teaching methods should be modernized and professionalized, moving away from the military model, which had been in use prior to the war.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:WILPF Congress Geneva 1921 group photo crop.png

Group photo of delegates at the 1921 WILPF Vienna Congress. Scheu-Riesz, standing first left, back row

After writing several poems about peace, Scheu-Riesz was invited to attend the 1915 Women at the Hague congress,Шаблон:Sfn which resulted in the founding of the Committee of Women for Permanent Peace, subsequently known as the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn^{[Notes 1]} She represented Austria at the organization's 1919 international congress in Zürich, at the 1921 congress in Vienna, and the 1924 congress in Washington, D.C.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Although not an official delegate, she also participated in the International Congress of Women, held in Vienna in July 1921.Шаблон:Sfn In 1931, Scheu-Riesz became a vice-president of the Austrian chapter of the WILPF.Шаблон:Sfn After moving to the United States, she continued to work with WILPF, through the North Carolina branch, giving lectures to women's groups.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Writing

Scheu-Riesz began working as a journalist at an early age.Шаблон:Sfn In 1910, she became editor at Шаблон:Lang (Konegens Children's Books).Шаблон:Sfn While there, she implemented a series of world literature books for children. Initially the publications were made twice a year, but for the duration of World War I publication was sporadic.Шаблон:Sfn Among her many translations were poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and numerous children's stories and fairy tales from China, Estonia, Great Britain, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the United States, among other places.Шаблон:Sfn Included in her over 200 works for children were "Шаблон:Lang" ("Japanese Folk Tales", 1912), "Шаблон:Lang" ("The Adventures of Odysseus", 1919), "Шаблон:Lang" ("Nordic Sagas", 1920), "Шаблон:Lang" ("The Devil and His Apprentice Boy and other Serbian Folk Tales", 1922), "Шаблон:Lang" ("Bulgarian Folk Tales", 1922), and "Шаблон:Lang" ("Chinese Folk Tales", 1923), as well as translations of Alice in Wonderland, The Canterbury Tales, Don Quixote, Gulliver's Travels, and Pilgrim's Progress.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She translated several contemporary English plays in the 1920s, such as "At Mrs. Beam's" and "The Battle of Tindersley Down" into German.Шаблон:Sfn Her first novel in English, Gretchen Discovers America (1934) was a romance about a German girl who came to the United States and found love in the interwar period.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Among her influential translations was her version of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Published in 1912, it was the second translation of the book into German and remained the dominant translation into the 1960s.Шаблон:Sfn Despite a large number of reprints of her version, the genre of deliberate literary nonsense was virtually unknown in Germany and faced criticism as to whether it was appropriate for children.Шаблон:Sfn In an effort to make the book more palatable for German readers, until the 1960s, translations attempted to make the book more akin to the more familiary genre of fairy tales.Шаблон:Sfn In 1923, she produced the first translation of the sequel, Through the Looking-Glass. Her version attempted a faithful rendering of the text, however, the nonsensical text proved difficult to translate, as words such as "brillig", "chortle", and "slithy" were invented by Carroll.Шаблон:Sfn Her translation, Шаблон:Lang, was republished by Ulan Press in 2012,Шаблон:Sfn and also in 2017 by Шаблон:Ill.Шаблон:Sfn

Relocation to the United States

Файл:Adolf Loos, 1912-1913, A1130 Wien, Larochegasse 3, Haus Scheu, p1.jpg

Scheu-Riesz's home in Vienna, designed by Adolf Loos

Scheu-Riesz's husband Gustav, who had become a social democratic politician, died in 1935.Шаблон:Sfn As a widow, despite becoming a member of the Protestant church, she was concerned that her Jewish heritage would present problems with the Nazis who were gaining popularity in Austria.Шаблон:Sfn She made a trip to England and the United States in 1936 to organize her emigration.Шаблон:Sfn In 1937, she decided to move to the United States where her daughter had already settled.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She became a well-known figure in the artists community on Ocracoke Island off the Atlantic coast of North Carolina. There she created the Island Press, a publishing house which operated from 1941 to 1954.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn She also hosted classes and workshops for artists and writers interested in learning creative writing and radio scriptwriting.Шаблон:Sfn She also took graduate courses at the University of North Carolina and continued to publish books.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Among her publications in the US were Will You Marry Me? (1940), a collection of proposal letters from historical figures, and Those Funny Grownups (1943), a satirical examination of adult behavior from a child's perspective.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

In 1949, Scheu-Riesz founded Open Sesame Inc. New York, as a vehicle to provide funds for United World Books.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn In order to establish the firm, which intended to reproduce classic literature at low cost and distribute those volumes through United World Books, she solicited contributions from contemporary authors and sold high-priced, limited editions of their autographed and illustrated works.Шаблон:Sfn United World Books was able to begin distributing books the following year.Шаблон:Sfn The first books printed in the United States were intended to be distributed to students in Austria to help them learn English and develop pen-pal relations with American students. By 1953, she was working with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Indian government to develop materials for adult education courses, also hoping to include books for children.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike many who emigrated during the war, she enjoyed life in America.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life, death, and legacy

In 1954, Scheu-Riesz returned to Vienna where she retrieved the house in Hietzing specially designed by her friend Adolf Loos. She remained active in the publishing business while also providing support for young people interested in drama or music.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Scheu-Riesz died in Vienna on 8 January 1970. She was buried next to her husband in the Vienna Central Cemetery.Шаблон:Sfn She has been remembered for her writing and her goals of spreading internationalism and world peace by publishing cultural works.Шаблон:Sfn In 2008, her book Will You Marry Me? was reissued by Touchstone Books. Reviewers noted that the book gave insight into marriage proposals in different periods of society and the way that language has been used to either charm a beloved, or make a business arrangement.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Authority control

Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «Notes» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="Notes"/>

[Notes 1]

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты	Обмен криптовалют - www.bestchange.ru Криптовалютная биржа CoinEx Криптовалютная биржа Binance HIVE OS - операционная система для майнинга e4pool - Мультивалютный пул для майнинга.
Магазины	AliExpress — глобальная виртуальная (в Интернете) торговая площадка, предоставляющая возможность покупать товары производителей из КНР; computeruniverse.net - Интернет-магазин компьютеров(Промо код 5 Евро на первую покупку:FWWC3ZKQ);
Хостинг	DigitalOcean - американский провайдер облачных инфраструктур, с главным офисом в Нью-Йорке и с центрами обработки данных по всему миру;
Разное	Викиум - Онлайн-тренажер для мозга Like Центр - Центр поддержки и развития предпринимательства. Gamersbay - лучший магазин по бустингу для World of Warcraft. Ноотропы OmniMind N°1 - Усиливает мозговую активность. Повышает мотивацию. Улучшает память. Санкт-Петербургская школа телевидения - это федеральная сеть образовательных центров, которая имеет филиалы в 37 городах России. Lingualeo.com — интерактивный онлайн-сервис для изучения и практики английского языка в увлекательной игровой форме. Junyschool (Джунискул) – международная школа программирования и дизайна для детей и подростков от 5 до 17 лет, где ученики осваивают компьютерную грамотность, развивают алгоритмическое и креативное мышление, изучают основы программирования и компьютерной графики, создают собственные проекты: игры, сайты, программы, приложения, анимации, 3D-модели, монтируют видео. Умназия - Интерактивные онлайн-курсы и тренажеры для развития мышления детей 6-13 лет SkillBox - это один из лидеров российского рынка онлайн-образования. Среди партнеров Skillbox ведущий разработчик сервисного дизайна AIC, медиа-компания Yoola, первое и самое крупное русскоязычное аналитическое агентство Tagline, онлайн-школа дизайна и иллюстрации Bang! Bang! Education, оператор PR-рынка PACO, студия рисования Draw&Go, агентство performance-маркетинга Ingate, scrum-студия Sibirix, имидж-лаборатория Персона. «Нетология» — это университет по подготовке и дополнительному обучению специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга, управления проектами и продуктами, дизайна, Data Science и разработки. В рамках Нетологии студенты получают ценные теоретические знания от лучших экспертов Рунета, выполняют практические задания на отработку полученных навыков, общаются с экспертами и единомышленниками. Познакомиться со всеми продуктами подробнее можно на сайте https://netology.ru, линейка курсов и профессий постоянно обновляется. StudyBay Brazil – это онлайн биржа для португалоговорящих студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт. Автор24 — самая большая в России площадка по написанию учебных работ: контрольные и курсовые работы, дипломы, рефераты, решение задач, отчеты по практике, а так же любой другой вид работы. Сервис сотрудничает с более 70 000 авторов. Более 1 000 000 работ уже выполнено. StudyBay – это онлайн биржа для англоязычных студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт.

Английская Википедия:Helene Scheu-Riesz

Содержание