Английская Википедия:Hennepin County, Minnesota

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox U.S. county

Hennepin County (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its county seat is Minneapolis,[1] the state's most populous city.[2] The county is named in honor of the 17th-century explorer Father Louis Hennepin.[3] The county extends from Minneapolis[4] to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. The county's natural areas are covered with extensive woods, hills, and lakes.[5][6]

As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565.[7] It is the most populous county in Minnesota, and the 34th-most populous county in the United States; more than one in five Minnesotans live in Hennepin County. Hennepin County is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The Territorial Legislature of Minnesota established Hennepin County on March 6, 1852, and two years later Minneapolis was named the county seat. Father Louis Hennepin's name was chosen because he originally named Saint Anthony Falls and recorded some of the earliest accounts of the area for the Western world. In January 1855, the first bridge over the Mississippi River was built over St. Anthony Falls.[8]

Water power built the City of Minneapolis and Hennepin County. The water of streams and rivers provided power to grist mills and saw mills throughout the county. By the late 1860s, more than a dozen mills were churning out lumber near St. Anthony Falls and the population of the county had surpassed 12,000.

In many ways, the power of the falls served as the vital link between the central city and the farmsteads scattered throughout the county. Farms produced vegetables, fruits, grains and dairy products for city dwellers, while Minneapolis industries, in turn, produced lumber, furniture, farm implements and clothing.

By 1883, railroads united Minneapolis with both the East and West coasts, and technical developments, especially in flour milling, brought rapid progress to the area. The major Minneapolis millers were Washburn, Pillsbury, Bell, Dunwoody and Crosby. For a decade, the "Mill City" was the flour-milling capital of the world and one of the largest lumber producers. Minneapolis, with a population of 165,000 by 1890, had become a major American city, and by 1900, was firmly established as the hub for the Upper Midwest's industry and commerce.

Hennepin's farm economy also was substantial. In 1910, farmland in Hennepin County totaled 284,000 acres, or about 72 percent of the county's total area.[9] The principal crops were wheat, corn, garden vegetables and apples. The number of acres in production remained at a high level for the next 30 years. However, by 1950, the amount of land devoted to agriculture had been reduced to 132,000 acres as development progressed in the suburbs.

During the 1950s and 1960s, many suburbs grew rapidly as housing developments, shopping centers, large school systems and growing industrialization had replaced much of the open farm land. By 1970, the suburban population of Hennepin County outnumbered that of the city for the first time. The population of Minneapolis actually declined by 10 percent from 1960 to 1970, while the suburban population grew by nearly 50 percent.

Another wave of immigration—which began after the Vietnam War in the mid-1970s—marked a major change in the ethnic makeup of the county's immigrant populations. This wave peaked in the 1980s when hundreds of refugees from Southeast Asia, often aided by local churches, resettled in Hennepin. The population of Hennepin County surpassed the one-million mark in 1989.[10]

Geography

Шаблон:Stack According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Шаблон:Convert, of which Шаблон:Convert is land and Шаблон:Convert (8.7%) is water.[11] Hennepin is one of 17 Minnesota counties with more savanna soils than either prairie or forest soils, and is one of only two Minnesota counties with more than 75% of its area in savanna soils (the other is Wright County).

The highest waterfall on the Mississippi River, the Saint Anthony Falls (discovered by Louis Hennepin) is in Hennepin County next to downtown Minneapolis, but in the 19th century, the falls were converted to a series of dams. Barges and boats now pass through locks to move between the parts of the river above and below the dams. Шаблон:Stack

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population

Race and ethnicity

The racial and ethnic composition of Hennepin County has evolved significantly over time. Initially, the region was inhabited by Native American tribes, primarily the Dakota Sioux. European settlement, beginning in the early 19th century, brought a demographic shift, with a predominantly White population of Northern European descent.[12] Throughout the 20th century, the county witnessed further diversification with the arrival of African Americans during the Great Migration, as well as Latino, Asian, and other immigrant groups in the latter half of the century.[13]

Race/ethnicity
2020[14] 2010[15] 2000[16][17] 1990[17][18]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
White alone 840,845 Шаблон:Percentage 826,670 Шаблон:Percentage 898,291 Шаблон:Percentage 914,870 Шаблон:Percentage
Black alone 169,603 Шаблон:Percentage 134,240 Шаблон:Percentage 99,943 Шаблон:Percentage 60,114 Шаблон:Percentage
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 98,250 Шаблон:Percentage 77,676 Шаблон:Percentage 45,439 Шаблон:Percentage 13,978 Шаблон:Percentage
Native American alone 8,016 Шаблон:Percentage 8,848 Шаблон:Percentage 11,163 Шаблон:Percentage 14,912 Шаблон:Percentage
Asian alone 97,348 Шаблон:Percentage 71,535 Шаблон:Percentage 53,555 Шаблон:Percentage 29,258 Шаблон:Percentage
Other race alone 6,515 Шаблон:Percentage 2,752 Шаблон:Percentage - - 5,496 Шаблон:Percentage
Two or more races 60,988 Шаблон:Percentage 30,704 Шаблон:Percentage 29,041 Шаблон:Percentage - -

Ancestry

The most common ancestries in Hennepin County are German, Irish, English, Norwegian and Swedish.[19]

Ancestry[19] Any ancestryШаблон:Efn Full ancestryШаблон:Efn
Rank Population % Rank Population %
German 1 347,042 27.08 1 98,811 7.71
Irish 2 187,435 14.63 6 31,653 2.47
English 3 152,567 11.09 3 40,602 3.17
Norwegian 4 135,077 10.54 5 32,327 2.52
Swedish 5 100,544 7.85 9 18,886 1.47
African 6 75,484 5.89 2 60,478
Mexican 7 57,607 4.50 Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:N/a
Polish 8 54,025 4.22 11 10,306 0.80
French 9 52,883 4.13 16 4,467 0.35
Somali 10 38,588 3.01 4 37,897 2.96

2010

As of the 2010 census, there were 1,152,425 people, 475,913 households, and 272,885 families living in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 74.4% White, 11.8% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 6.2% Asian, 3.4% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 6.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry groups were German (26.3%), Norwegian (12.6%), Irish (10.8%), and Swedish (8.3%).[20]

2000

At the 2000 census, there were 1,116,200 people, 456,129 households, and 267,291 families living in the county. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 468,824 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 80.53% White, 8.95% Black or African American, 1.00% Native American, 4.80% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.06% from other races, and 2.60% from two or more races. 4.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 456,129 households, out of which 28.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.30% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.40% were non-families. 31.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the county 24.00% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.70% was between 18 and 24, 33.70% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 11.00% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $51,711, and the median income for a family was $65,985 (these figures had risen to $60,115 and $79,970 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Accounting for inflation, these figures rise again to $76,202.87 for individuals, and $92,353.46 for households, adjusted for 2014 dollars.[21] Males had a median income of $42,466 versus $32,400 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,789. About 5.00% of families and 8.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.50% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.

Hennepin County is the wealthiest county in Minnesota and one of the 100 highest-income counties in the United States.

Besides English, languages with significant numbers of speakers in Hennepin County include Arabic, Hmong, Khmer, Lao, Russian, Somali, Spanish, and Vietnamese.[22]

Шаблон:Anchor

Religious statistics

In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Hennepin County was the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, with 215,205 Catholics worshipping at 73 parishes, followed by 124,732 ELCA Lutherans with 106 congregations, 59,811 non-denominational adherents with 103 congregations, 20,286 UMC Methodists with 42 congregations, 18,836 Missouri Synod Lutherans with 34 congregations, 16,941 PC-USA Presbyterians with 21 congregations, 16,230 Converge Baptists with 26 congregations, 16,128 AoG Pentecostals with 32 congregations, 12,307 UCC Christians with 20 congregations, and 8,608 Reform Jews with 3 congregations. Altogether, 54.3% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.[23] In 2014, Hennepin County had 708 religious organizations, the 16th most out of all US counties.[24]

Law and government

County Sheriff

The Hennepin County Sheriff manages the county jail, patrols waterways, provides security for the District Court, handles home foreclosures, participates in homeland security activities and in law enforcement, and by state law is responsible for handling applications for permits to carry a firearm for residents of Hennepin County. The current County Sheriff is Dawanna Witt, who was elected in 2022.[25]

County Attorney

The Hennepin County Attorney sets policies and priorities for prosecuting criminal cases, oversees child protection and child support cases, and provides legal advice and representation to county government. The current County Attorney is Mary Moriarty, who was elected in 2022.[25]

Commissioners

Like all counties in Minnesota, Hennepin is governed by an elected and nonpartisan board of commissioners. In Minnesota, county commissions usually have five members, but Hennepin, Ramsey, Dakota, Anoka and St Louis counties have seven members. Each commissioner represents a district of approximately equal population. In Hennepin the county commission appoints the medical examiner, county auditor-treasurer and county recorder. The sheriff and county attorney are also elected on a nonpartisan ticket. The county government's headquarters are in downtown Minneapolis in the Hennepin County Government Center. The county oversees the Hennepin County Library system (which merged with the Minneapolis Public Library system in 2008), and Hennepin County Medical Center. The county commission also elects a chair who presides at meetings.

District Commissioner In office
since 		Current term
expires in January
1st Jeff Lunde (Republican)[26] 2021 2025[27]
2nd Irene Fernando (DFL)[28] 2019 2027
3rd Marion Greene (DFL)[29] (chair)[30] 2014 2027
4th Angela Conley (DFL)[29] 2019 2027
5th Debbie Goettel (DFL)[31] 2017 2025[27]
6th Chris LaTondresse (DFL)[31] 2021 2025[27]
7th Kevin Anderson (DFL)[31] 2021 2025[27]

Key staff

Hennepin County's normal operations are coordinated by the County Administrator David Hough, Assistant County Administrator for Human Services Jodi Wentland, Assistant County Administrator for Operations Dan Rogan, Assistant County Administrator for Public Works Lisa Cerney, Assistant County Administrator for Disparity Reduction May Xiong, and Assistant County Administrator for Public Safety Chela Guzman-Wiegert.[32]

Politics

Like most urban counties nationwide, Hennepin County is a Democratic stronghold. It has voted Democratic in every election since 1964, except for 1972 when Richard Nixon won the county as part of a national landslide. It is also a state bellwether county, having voted for Minnesota's statewide winner in every election since 1964, the longest such streak in the state. In 2020, Joe Biden won 70% of the vote in the county, the largest percentage for any candidate since 1904.

At state level, the county is no less Democratic. For governorship and Senate, the last Republicans to win the county were Arne Carlson in 1994 and David Durenberger in 1988, respectively. Шаблон:PresHead Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresFoot

Transportation

Transit

Major highways

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Airports

Economy

Шаблон:See also

Major companies and employers

As the economic center of Minnesota and the Upper Midwest, Hennepin County is home to many major companies in a diverse section of industries. As of the 2018 estimate, there are twelve Fortune 500 companies headquartered in Hennepin County, five of which are located in Minneapolis.

Fortune 500 Companies in Hennepin County[33]
Company Name National Rank Revenue ($millions),

2018 Estimate

Headquarters City Industry
UnitedHealth Group 5 201,159 Minnetonka Managed Healthcare
Target 39 71,879 Minneapolis General Retailing
Best Buy 72 42,151 Richfield Electronics Retailing
U.S. Bancorp 122 23,996 Minneapolis Banking and Finance
SuperValu 180 16,009 Eden Prairie Food Distribution and Retailing
General Mills 182 15,619.8 Golden Valley Food Processing
C.H. Robinson 193 14,869.4 Eden Prairie Transportation
Ameriprise Financial 252 12,075 Minneapolis Financial Services
Xcel Energy 266 11,404 Minneapolis Electricity and Natural Gas Utility
Thrivent Financial 343 8,527.9 Minneapolis Financial Services
Mosaic 382 7,409.4 Plymouth Fertilizer Manufacturing
Polaris 496 5,504.8 Medina Snowmobile Manufacturing
From 2014 to 2015, employment in Hennepin County, MN grew at a rate of 2.61%, from 664,619 employees to 681,944 employees. The most common employment sectors for those who live in Hennepin County, MN, are Healthcare & Social Assistance, Manufacturing, and Retail trade. This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Hennepin County, MN, though some of these residents may live in Hennepin County, MN and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.
Tree Map of Employment by Industries in Hennepin County (2015)

Hennepin County is also home to several major private companies such as Carlson and Cargill, both located in Minnetonka, the latter of which is the largest privately owned company in the United States.[34]

Along with these major companies, Hennepin County also contains several large employers, as listed below. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the largest overall industries in Hennepin County are healthcare and social assistance (96,511 workers), manufacturing (80,324), and retail trade (75,861).[35]

Largest employers in Hennepin County[36]
Employer Number of employees Industry
University of Minnesota 18,000 Education
Target Stores Inc 10,000 Retail
Pharmacy at Park Nicollet 9,000 Healthcare
Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital 8,200 Healthcare
Park Nicollet Clinic 8,000 Healthcare
M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Medical Center 8,000 Healthcare
M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital 7,658 Healthcare
Ameriprise Financial Inc 7,000 Financial Services
Park Nicollet Urgent Care 7,000 Healthcare
Best Buy Inc 6,000 Electronics Retail

Economic indicators

According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the average household income in Hennepin County is $71,200. The GINI Index for 2016 was 0.461, lower than the national average of 0.485.[35] As of 2016, nearly 132,000 residents of Hennepin County were living under the poverty line, 10.9% of the county population.[35] This figure is lower than the national average of 14%.

Education

Tertiary education

Colleges and universities in the county include:

K–12 education

School districts include:[37] Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Public libraries

Hennepin County Library (which Minneapolis Public Library merged into)

Recreation

Файл:Minnehaha Falls, Minneapolis.jpg
Minnehaha Falls is the main attraction and namesake of Minnehaha Park.

Parks

Hennepin County, and in particular the city of Minneapolis, is renowned for its expansive and high-quality park system. The Minneapolis park system has been called[38] the best-designed, best-financed, and best-maintained in America.[39] The Minneapolis park system has been named the top park system in the country by the Trust for Public Land for five consecutive years as of 2017.[40] Many of the Minneapolis' numerous parks are linked by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway, a series of interconnected parks and paths in the city that extends for 51 miles. The byway is divided into seven districts: Downtown Riverfront, Mississippi River, Minnehaha, Chain of Lakes, Theodore Wirth, Victory Memorial, and Northeast.[41] The byway includes many major destinations in Minneapolis, including Nicollet Island, St. Anthony Falls, Stone Arch Bridge, Mill Ruins Park, Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Minnehaha Creek, Minnehaha Park, Lake Hiawatha, Lake Nokomis, Lake Harriet, Bde Maka Ska, Lake of the Isles, Cedar Lake, and Theodore Wirth Park.

Outside of Minneapolis, Hennepin County is part of the Three Rivers Park District, a park system containing 20 parks and 10 trails spanning the Twin Cities metro area.

Culture

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:More citations needed Numerous art institutions in Minneapolis make Hennepin County a national center for the arts. It contains some of the largest and most well-known centers for art in the country, including the Minneapolis Institute of Art, Walker Art Center, Weisman Art Museum, and the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. Major art centers include Northeast Minneapolis and the Minneapolis neighborhood of North Loop. Minneapolis is home to many important artist organizations such as the Traffic Zone Center for Visual Art, the Handicraft Guild, and the Northeast Minneapolis Arts Association.

Hennepin County is also home to a thriving theater scene, highlighted by the Guthrie Theater, located in downtown Minneapolis. It is home to many theater companies such as Mixed Blood, Skewed Visions, Brave New Workshop, and Children's Theatre Company. Other notable theaters include the Orpheum Theatre, the State Theatre, and the Pantages Theatre. Additionally, many other cities in Hennepin County are home to local community theaters, such as Eden Prairie, Minnetonka, Orono, Osseo, and Plymouth.

Файл:US Bank Stadium - West Facade.jpg
U.S. Bank Stadium, home of the Minnesota Vikings, was constructed in 2016, and was the site of Super Bowl LII.

Sports

Of the "Big Four" sports leagues in the US, three are located in Minneapolis: the Minnesota Twins play in Target Field, the Minnesota Timberwolves play in Target Center, and the Minnesota Vikings play in U.S. Bank Stadium. Additionally, among major sports leagues, the Minnesota Lynx also play in Target Center.[42]

Cities

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Unorganized territory

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category-inline

Шаблон:Geographic Location

Шаблон:Hennepin County, Minnesota Шаблон:Minnesota

Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Coord

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

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  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ "Welcome Languages Шаблон:Webarchive." Hennepin County Public Library. Retrieved on July 8, 2010.
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 27,3 https://www.sos.state.mn.us/media/4582/2021-redistricting-guide.pdf Шаблон:Bare URL PDF
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  38. ↑ “Great City Parks.” Great City Parks, by Alan Tate, Spon Press, 2004, pp. 187–192.
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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