Английская Википедия:Herbert Lütje

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person Herbert Heinrich Otto Lütje (30 January 1918 – 18 January 1967) was a German military aviator, a wing commander in the Luftwaffe during World War II and an officer in the postwar German Air Force. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 50 aerial victories claimed in 247 combat missions. His 47 nocturnal claims made him the twentyfourth most successful night fighter pilot in the history of aerial warfare.Шаблон:Sfn All of his victories were claimed in Defense of the Reich missions, the majority at night against the Royal Air Force's (RAF) Bomber Command and three daytime claims, one over a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber and two Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter aircraft.

Born in Abbesbüttel, Lütje grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Following graduation from school, he joined the military service in 1937 and was trained as a pilot. In 1939 and 1940 he served with the night-fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2—2nd Demonstration Wing) and Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) during the Norwegian campaign and Battle of France. Following the units reorganization, he served with III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). Lütje claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 6/7 September 1942 and was appointed squadron leader of 8. Staffel (8th squadron) of NJG 1 in May 1943. Following his 28th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 June 1943, shortly after he was given command IV. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6—6th Night Fighter Wing). He was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of NJG 6 in October 1944. On 17 April 1945, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Following the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany, Lütje joined the German Air Force in July 1957. He died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne-Wahn.

Early life and career

Lütje was born on 30 January 1918 in Abbesbüttel, at the time in the Province of Hanover, as part of the German Empire. He was the son of a farmer. After graduation from school, Lütje joined the Luftwaffe on 1 November 1937 as a Fahnenjunker (cadet) and attended the Luftkriegsschule 2 in Berlin-Gatow. Following flight training,[Note 1] he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 August 1939.Шаблон:Sfn In December 1939, he was transferred to the night fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2—2nd Demonstration Wing).Шаблон:Sfn

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. In February 1940, the night fighter squadron was absorbed by the VI. (Nacht) Gruppe (4th night fighter group) of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing).[Note 2] There, Lütje was assigned to the 12. Staffel (12th squadron).Шаблон:Sfn Flying with this squadron, he participated in the Norwegian Campaign.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 April 1940, 12. Staffel was ordered to Aalborg where it stayed until May. From Aalborg, the unit flew patrol missions along the Danish coast. On 31 May, 12. Staffel was ordered back to Germany, arriving in Jever on 2 June.Шаблон:Sfn The Staffel then moved to Köln-Ostheim airfield, flying night-fighter missions during the Battle of France.Шаблон:Sfn In total, Lütje flew three missions over Norway and 19 missions during the Battle of France on the Messerschmitt Bf 109 D single engined fighter.Шаблон:Sfn

Night fighter career

Файл:Kammhuber Line Map - Agent Tegal.png
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.Шаблон:Sfn By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the campaign in Norway and France, VI.(N)/JG 2 was moved to Mönchengladbach in late June. There, the unit was outfitted with the Bf 109 E, equipped with the navigational direction finder PeilG IV direction finder (PeilG - Peilgerät). The objective was to test single-engined fighter aircraft as night-fighters. During this test phase, VI.(N)/JG 2 was integrated in the newly formed Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) on 26 June 1940. On 1 July, the Gruppe was officially designated III. Gruppe (3rd Group) of NJG 1 and converted to the twin-engined Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter.Шаблон:Sfn

At the time, Lütje was assigned to the Stab of III. Gruppe. Flying his 49th night fighter mission, he claimed his first nocturnal aerial victory on the night of 6/7 September 1941.Шаблон:Sfn The claim was filed over an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bomber in the vicinity of Metelen.Шаблон:Sfn With five aerial victories to his credit, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (Squadron Leader) of the 8. Staffel of NJG 1 (8th Squadron of the 1st Night Fighter Wing) on 1 May 1942.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 September 1942, he received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) and was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 October.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of 1942, his number of aerial victories had increased to 16.Шаблон:Sfn

Lütje claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down during a day time mission against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 4 March 1943.Шаблон:Sfn He achieved his 20th aerial victory on the night of 12/13 March 1943. Lütje was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 1 June 1943 after he had shot down six British and Canadian bombers on the night of 13/14 May 1943.Шаблон:Sfn Among them was a Royal Air Force (RAF) Avro Lancaster from No. 57 Squadron piloted by Pilot Officer Jan Bernand Marinus Haye on a mission to bomb the Škoda Works at Plzeň. The bomber was set on fire and the crew bailed out safely.Шаблон:Sfn

He was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of the newly formed IV. Gruppe (4th Group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6—6th Night Fighter Wing) in June 1943.Шаблон:Sfn IV./NJG 6 was based in Rumania and tasked with the protection of the Romanian oil fields. In September 1943 he flew a number of combat missions out of the Netherlands claiming four aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn

Over Romania he again fought the USAAF during daytime sorties. Fighting the Fifteenth Air Force he shot down two P-38 Lightnings—one of them by his radio operator with the MG 81Z—on 10 June 1944.Шаблон:Sfn His Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 140018—factory number) was severely damaged. He and his wireless radio operator Oberfeldwebel (Sergeant) August Bogumil were wounded and had to make a forced landing. Over Romania, Lütje was credited with six Vickers Wellington bombers and one Soviet Ilyushin Il-4 aircraft over the Black Sea during nocturnal combat missions. At the end of August 1944 IV./NJ 6 was relocated back to Germany.

Lütje was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) of NJG 6 on 13 September 1944, succeeding Major Heinrich Griese. Command of IV. Gruppe was passed on to Hauptmann Martin Becker.Шаблон:Sfn Lütje claimed his final eight aerial victories in 1945.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 March, he was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang). The nomination of the Oak Leaves was approved on 31 March and were awarded on 17 April 1945 after 50 aerial victories on 17 April 1945, the 836th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored.Шаблон:Sfn At the end of war he was taken prisoner of war and released in June 1945.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

Following the Wiederbewaffnung (rearmament) of the Federal Republic of Germany, Lütje joined the German Air Force in July 1957. He retired holding the rank of Oberst (colonel) and died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne-Wahn.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According Spick, Lütje was credited with 53 aerial victories, including two by day and 51 by night, claimed in approximately 150 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 50 victory claims.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Lütje with 46 claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims and one by his air gunner Oberfeldwebel Bogumil.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No./Squadron No.
– III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
1 6 September 1941 23:22 Whitley MetelenШаблон:Sfn
2 20 September 1941 22:18 Wellington Шаблон:Convert west of Bad BentheimШаблон:Sfn
3 8 November 1941 00:04 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east of Terlet AirfieldШаблон:Sfn Halifax L9603/No. XXXV (Madras Presidency) SquadronШаблон:Sfn
4 26 March 1942 23:50 Wellington Шаблон:Convert north of VriezenveenШаблон:Sfn Wellington Z1143/No. 214 (Federated Malay States) SquadronШаблон:Sfn
5 4 June 1942 02:25 WellingtonШаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
6 20 June 1942 02:32 Wellington Шаблон:Convert southwest of RaalteШаблон:Sfn
7 26 June 1942 00:58 Wellington Шаблон:Convert northeast of NordhornШаблон:Sfn Wellington DV951/No. 12 Operational Training Unit RAFШаблон:Sfn
8 3 July 1942 01:40 Wellington Шаблон:Convert north of NordhornШаблон:Sfn
9 26 July 1942 02:01 Wellington WielenШаблон:Sfn Wellington Z1462/No. 460 Squadron RAAFШаблон:Sfn
10 10 August 1942 04:18 Wellington Шаблон:Convert northwest of WierdenШаблон:Sfn Wellington BJ608/No. 150 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
11 18 August 1942 01:38 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert west of EmlichheimШаблон:Sfn
12 27 August 1942 23:45 Wellington Шаблон:Convert southeast of Rechteren CastleШаблон:Sfn Wellington Z1212/No. 460 Squadron RAAFШаблон:Sfn
13 5 September 1942 02:53 Wellington northeast of AltenkeineШаблон:Sfn
14 5 September 1942 03:59 Stirling Шаблон:Convert northwest of HasseltШаблон:Sfn Stirling BF337/No. 214 (Federated Malay States) SquadronШаблон:Sfn
15 16 September 1942 23:22 Wellington Шаблон:Convert north of AhausШаблон:Sfn Wellington Z1084/No. 22 Operational Training Unit RAFШаблон:Sfn
16 17 December 1942 21:10 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert northeast of ZwolleШаблон:Sfn
17 2 March 1943 00:08 Halifax Шаблон:Convert north of ZuidloШаблон:Sfn Halifax DT797/No. 408 SquadronШаблон:Sfn
18 4 March 1943 11:31 B-17 west of Den HelderШаблон:Sfn B-17 41-24512/91st Bombardment GroupШаблон:Sfn
19 5 March 1943 21:35 Halifax Шаблон:Convert southeast of StaphorstШаблон:Sfn Halifax HR687/No. 78 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
20 12 March 1943 21:18 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of AlstalteШаблон:Sfn
21 30 March 1943 04:28 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert south of RaalteШаблон:Sfn Lancaster ED435/No. 49 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
22 3 April 1943 22:45 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert west of WinterswijkШаблон:Sfn
23 3 April 1943 23:37 Halifax Шаблон:Convert south of ZwolleШаблон:Sfn
24♠ 13 May 1943 23:52 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert southeast of AlmeloШаблон:Sfn Lancaster ED667/No. 57 SquadronШаблон:Sfn
25♠ 13 May 1943 23:42 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert north of OldenzaalШаблон:Sfn Lancaster R5611/No. 106 SquadronШаблон:Sfn
26♠ 13 May 1943 23:54 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert south of HörstelШаблон:Sfn Lancaster W4305/No. 44 SquadronШаблон:Sfn
27♠ 14 May 1943 02:25 Halifax Шаблон:Convert west of DedemsvaartШаблон:Sfn Halifax JB966/No. 405 Squadron RCAFШаблон:Sfn
28♠ 14 May 1943 02:45 Halifax DalenШаблон:Sfn Halifax JD113/No. 419 Squadron RCAFШаблон:Sfn
29♠ 14 May 1943 02:55 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east of HoogeveenШаблон:Sfn Halifax JB892/No. 77 SquadronШаблон:Sfn
30 3 September 1943 23:25 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert northeast of RheineШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center 3 September 1943 00:00 LancasterШаблон:Sfn
31 23 September 1943 22:50 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn
32 27 September 1943 23:40 Halifax NeustadtШаблон:Sfn
– IV. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 –Шаблон:Sfn
33 6 May 1944 01:05 Wellington northwest of PloieștiШаблон:Sfn
34 7 May 1944 23:59 Wellington MaroshévízШаблон:Sfn
35 8 May 1944 00:18 Wellington southwest of BlejeștiШаблон:Sfn
36 10 June 1944 08:29 P-38 south of BucharestШаблон:Sfn
37* 10 June 1944 08:31 P-38 south of BucharestШаблон:Sfn
38 29 June 1944 02:23 Wellington north of StockerauШаблон:Sfn
39?Шаблон:Refn 9 August 1944 23:00 Wellington RomaniaШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center 20 August 1944 23:05 Wellington RomaniaШаблон:Sfn
40?[Note 3] 20 August 1944 23:05 WellingtonШаблон:Sfn RomaniaШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center 22 August 1944 01:05 Il-4 RomaniaШаблон:Sfn
42 20 September 1944 23:30 Wellington northeast of Lake NeusiedlШаблон:Sfn
– Stab of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 –Шаблон:Sfn
43 2 February 1945 23:24 Lancaster west of KarlsruheШаблон:Sfn
44 14 February 1945 20:27 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert northeast of Frankfurt am MainШаблон:Sfn
45 21 February 1945 20:43 Halifax southwest of WormsШаблон:Sfn
46 21 February 1945 20:55 Halifax SaarbrückenШаблон:Sfn
47 14 March 1945 21:24 Lancaster northwest of NürnbergШаблон:Sfn
48 16 March 1945 21:33 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of NürnbergШаблон:Sfn
49 19 March 1945 04:45 LancasterШаблон:Sfn
50 21 March 1945 04:59 LancasterШаблон:Sfn

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-mil Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-non Шаблон:S-end

Шаблон:Top German World War II night fighter aces

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