Английская Википедия:Herpothallon

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Herpothallon is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It has about 50 species.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1930 by German lichenologist Friedrich Tobler, with Herpothallon sanguineum assigned as the type species. Tobler erroneously believed that the fungus was a member of the Basidiomycota. After it was recognized as an ascolichen, it was referred to either Chiodecton (family Roccellaceae) or Cryptothecia (family Arthoniaceae).

In 2009, Herpothallon was resurrected following a publication by André Aptroot, Göran Thor, Robert Lücking, and John Elix, in which they recognized 29 species worldwide.Шаблон:Sfn The type species is now known as Herpothallon rubrocinctum, or in the vernacular as the "Christmas lichen".

Description

Herpothallon is characterized by the byssoid (a wispy or cottony texture) prothallus (i.e., the first purely fungal layer upon which an algae-containing thallus develops) and hypothallus (i.e., a growth of undifferentiated purely fungal mycelium present as a distinct layer on the underside of the thallus). The texture of the thallus is somewhat felt-like, and its form is heteromerous, meaning that more or less distinct tissues are present, in particular, the mycobiont and photobiont components occur in well-marked layers, with the photobiont in a more or less distinct zone between the upper cortex and the medulla. Another thallus feature common to all species is the felty pseudoisidia; these are isidia-like outgrowths that, unlike true isidia, lack internal differentiation and have no distinct cortex. The thallus also has pustules (blister-like elevations), and granules ranging in form and size from soredia-like to minute. The photobiont partner of the Herpothallon lichen is from Trentepohlia, a genus of green algae. In Herpothallon, the asci do not develop in true ascomata. Only two members of the genus, H. fertile and H. inopinatum, are known to be fertile.

Species

Файл:Herpothallon sp. - Flickr - pellaea.jpg

Herpothallon, not identified to species, in Amazonian Peru

Шаблон:As of, Species Fungorum accepts 42 species of Herpothallon.

• Herpothallon adnatum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon alae Шаблон:Small – Vanuatu
• Herpothallon aurantiacoflavum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon australasicum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon biacidum Шаблон:Small – Australia
• Herpothallon brialmonticum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon capilliferum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon cinereum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon confluenticum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon confusum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon corallinum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon coralloides Шаблон:Small – Andaman Islands
• Herpothallon echinatum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon elegans Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon fertile Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon flavominutum Шаблон:Small – India
• Herpothallon furfuraceum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon glaucescens Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon globosum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon globuliferum Шаблон:Small – Andaman Islands
• Herpothallon granulare Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon granulosum Шаблон:Small – India
• Herpothallon himalayanum Шаблон:Small – India
• Herpothallon hypoprotocetraricum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon hyposticticum Шаблон:Small – Galápagos Islands
• Herpothallon inopinatum Шаблон:Small – Mexico
• Herpothallon isidiatum Шаблон:Small – India
• Herpothallon japonicum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon kigeziense Шаблон:Small – Uganda
• Herpothallon lilacinum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon lutescens Шаблон:Small – Andaman Islands
• Herpothallon minimum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon minutum Шаблон:Small – Andaman Islands
• Herpothallon nigroisidiatum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon philippinum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon polyisidiatum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon purpureum Шаблон:Small – Brazil
• Herpothallon pustulatum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon queenslandicum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon roseocinctum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon rubrocinctoides Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon rubrocinctum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon rubroechinatum Шаблон:Small
• Herpothallon rubromaculatum Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Sfn
• Herpothallon saxorum Шаблон:Small – Galápagos Islands
• Herpothallon subglobosum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon tomentosum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon tricolor Шаблон:Small
• Herpothallon viridi-isidiatum Шаблон:Small – China
• Herpothallon weii Шаблон:Small – China

References

Cited literature

• Шаблон:Cite book