Английская Википедия:Hiroshi Miyamura

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person

Hiroshi "Hershey" Miyamura (Шаблон:Lang-ja, October 6, 1925 – November 29, 2022) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States military's highest award for valor, for his actions during the Korean War. He was one of the last two surviving Medal of Honor recipients of the Korean War, along with Ralph Puckett Jr.[1][2] While he was held as a prisoner of war, the award was classified as top secret.

Early life

Hiroshi Miyamura[3] was born in Gallup, New Mexico, to Yaichi Miyamura (June 3, 1888 – December 23, 1965) and Tori Matsukawa (December 10, 1896 – August 20, 1936), Japanese immigrant parents, making him a Nisei, a second-generation Japanese American.[4] His parents had moved there in 1922 and bought a 24-hour diner.[2] He was the fourth of eight children. His mother died when he was 11. He got the nickname "Hershey" because his 4th grade teacher could not pronounce his first name correctly.[2]

Military service

World War II

When the United States entered World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans due to fears that some would turn out to be traitors. However, for communities outside the sensitive coastal "military zone", this was not mandatory, and local authorities could not decide what they wanted to do. In Gallup, the Japanese-American residents were left alone.[2]

Miyamura joined the United States Army in January 1945.[5] He volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion,[6] 442nd Infantry Regiment, where he trained as a machine gunner.[7] This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese-Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.[8] He was discharged from the army shortly after Japan surrendered. He later enlisted in the United States Army Reserve.

Korean War

Miyamura was recalled to active duty following the start of the Korean War, arriving in North Korea in November 1950.[2] He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on April 24–25, 1951, south of the Imjin River[9] near Taejon-ni (Daejeon-ni) in Yeoncheon County,[10] while serving as a corporal in the 2nd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. During a night attack by the Chinese, he saw that his squad could not hold much longer, so he ordered his men to retreat. He remained behind to cover their withdrawal, killing an estimated minimum of fifty invading Chinese forces.

Miyamura was captured immediately after the actions that led to his award. As he and other prisoners of war (POWs) were marched away, he helped his wounded friend Joe Annello keep moving, but the North Koreans threatened to shoot him if he did not leave Annello behind. Straggling POWs were routinely killed. Miyamura refused, but Annello himself convinced Miyamura to put him down. Annello survived the war and later visited Miyamura in Gallup. The POWs were forced to march Шаблон:Convert over five weeks with little food.[2]

Miyamura's is the only Medal of Honor to be classified Top Secret.[11] As then-brigadier general Ralph Osborne explained to Miyamura and a group of reporters upon notifying them of his medal, "If the Reds knew what he had done to a good number of their soldiers just before he was taken prisoner, they might have taken revenge on this young man. He might not have come back."

Miyamura was held for 28 months. Following his release on August 20, 1953, he was informed that he had been awarded the Medal of Honor and promoted to sergeant. He was repatriated to the United States and honorably discharged from the military shortly thereafter. His medal was presented to him by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 1953 at the White House.[12]

Awards and decorations

Medal of Honor

Шаблон:Quotebox

Файл:Hiroshi Miyamura and Eisenhowser.jpg
President Dwight D. Eisenhower congratulates SSG Miyamura after having awarded him the Medal of Honor on October 27, 1953.

Commendations

Miyamura has been awarded the following:[13]

Файл:Combat Infantry Badge.svg
Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Combat Infantryman Badge
Medal of Honor Purple Heart
Prisoner of War Medal Army Good Conduct Medal American Campaign Medal
European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal Army of Occupation Medal
National Defense Service Medal Korean Service Medal
w/ one silver and three bronze campaign stars 		Armed Forces Reserve Medal
South Korean Order of Military Merit
Taegeuk Cordon Medal[14] 		United Nations Korea Medal Korean War Service Medal
Шаблон:Ribbon devices
Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation

Personal life and death

Файл:Miyamura and family 2010.jpg
Miyamura, with his wife and granddaughter at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, 2010
Файл:Hiroshi “Hershey” Miyamura (6007355).jpg
Miyamura at the promotion ceremony of his granddaughter in 2019

Miyamura married Tsuruko "Terry" Tsuchimori (August 13, 1925 – December 10, 2014). He had three children and four grandchildren. One grandchild, Marisa Akimi Miyamura, graduated from the United States Air Force Academy and is an officer in the United States Air Force.[15] She married Joseph Patrick Regan in 2014.[16] He has resided in Gallup, New Mexico, since his discharge from the army, where he established a career as an automobile mechanic and service station owner.[2] Miyamura remained active in supporting fellow veterans including work with the Wounded Warrior Project. Miyamura was a Lifetime Member of Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 1. On Memorial Day 2018, his story was portrayed during the National Memorial Day Concert on the West Lawn of the US Capitol in Washington, D.C.

In recognition of Miyamura's activities involving youth in his community, he received the 2014 Director's Community Leadership Award from the Albuquerque division of the FBI.[17]

As the 2014 Nisei Week Grand Marshal, Miyamura led the Grand Parade on August 10, 2014.[18][19]

In November 2022, it was announced that Miyamura joined the National Board of the State Funeral for War Veterans organization, which is dedicated to "convince Congress to pass legislation to grant a State Funeral for the last Medal of Honor recipients from the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as a final salute to all the men and women who served."[20]

Miyamura died in Phoenix, Arizona, on November 29, 2022, at the age of 97.[21] He was buried with full military honors at Sunset Memorial Park in Gallup.[22]

Namesakes

In his hometown, Gallup, New Mexico, an area is named Miyamura in his honor,[23] as are Hiroshi H. Miyamura High School[24] and the Miyamura Overpass, an interchange on I-40.[25][26]

In October 2023, President Biden signed a bill to designate the clinic of the Department of Veterans Affairs in Gallup, New Mexico, as the Hiroshi "Hershey" Miyamura VA Clinic.[27][28]

See also

Further reading

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Japanese American Veterans Association, "The Nisei Legend of the Korean War"; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  5. ↑ U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), WWII Army Enlistment Record #39868194 (Miyamura, Hiroshi); retrieved 2012-12-24.
  6. ↑ Go for Broke National Education Center, "About Us, Veterans Honor Guard" Шаблон:Webarchive; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ "100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry" at Global Security.org; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ City of Gallup Growth Management Master Plan, "IV. Land Use Element" (August 2009), p. IV-23 [PDF 23 of 60]; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  24. ↑ Gallup-McKinley County Schools, "High Schools" Шаблон:Webarchive; Hiroshi H. Miyamura High School website Шаблон:Webarchive; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  25. ↑ New Mexico Department of Transportation, Initial Evaluation of Alternatives, Allison Road Corridor and Interstate 40 Interchange Study, NMDOT Project Number SP-GA-5459(201)/SP-GA-5459(202), CN C7G801/C7G802 September 2010; "Table 4-6: I-40 Total Crashes by Mile Post," p. 4-32 [PDF 51 of 210]; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  26. ↑ City of Gallup, p. IV-45 [PDF 45 of 60]; retrieved 2012-12-24.
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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