Английская Википедия:Hope Township, New Jersey

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox settlement Hope Township is a township in Warren County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 1,835,[1] a decrease of 117 (−6.0%) from the 2010 census count of 1,952,[2][3] which in turn reflected an increase of 61 (+3.2%) from the 1,891 counted in the 2000 census.[4] The 2010 population of 1,952 reflected an all-time high since the 1,903 recorded in the 1840 census, the first recorded population after the township was formed.

Hope Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1839, from portions of Knowlton Township and Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. Liberty Township was created on March 25, 1926, from portions of the township.[5]

History

Файл:Gemeinhaus, Hope, NJ.jpg
Moravian Church in Hope, now headquarters of the First Hope Bank.
Файл:Moravian Grist Mill, Hope, NJ.jpg
Moravian Grist Mill in Hope, now the Inn at Millrace Pond

Hope Township is one of the earliest planned communities in the United States, having been established by German Moravians in 1769. Early planning maps detail planned locations of streets, homes, wells, businesses, farms, a school, tavern, and church.[6]

Prior to the arrival of the Moravians, there was no distinct town, but several families farmed on Jenny Jump Mountain, to the south of Hope, in surrounding area and on John Samuel Green Jr.'s farm in the center of what is now the Village. Throughout the 1760s, Moravians from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania traveled through this area on their way to New England to establish new communities. They lodged overnight with the Green Family who were impressed with their religion and way of life.

The Moravians were a religious group whose formal name was the "Unitas Fratrum" or Unity of the Brethren. They were followers of Jan Hus, the reformer from Prague who protested against the Roman Catholic Church in 1415 and was finally burned at the stake for his rebellion. These followers continued to practice his views in Moravia and Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, hence the common name "The Moravians". In the late 17th century this group began to be persecuted and sought shelter away from Bohemia. Count Nicolas Ludwig von Zinzendorf offered them refuge on his lands east of Dresden, Germany, and provided a base for them to regroup and pursue their religion. That settlement which remains as the center of the worldwide Moravian religion is called Herrnhut or "The Lord's Watch" inhabitants were not only "under the Lord's watchful care" but were also to be "on watch for the Lord". With the support of Count von Zinzendorf, the Church established over 200 missionary settlements.

After a formal survey of the village completed on November 26, 1774, the community was officially accepted by The Moravian Church and the name was changed by drawing lots on February 8, 1775, from Greenland to Hope.[6][7] The name derives from the "hope of immortality" of the early Moravian settlers.[8]

After almost 40 years of the Moravian "experiment" in Hope, the community was sold and almost all of the Moravians returned to Bethlehem or Nazareth, Pennsylvania. The basic reason for closing the community was that it was never self-supporting and had declined from its height of population of 147 to under 100 people by the early 19th century. The Church in Germany could no longer subsidize such a small village. Moravians worldwide were selling possessions and even some other entire communities to pay off debts incurred years earlier by Count von Zinzendorf, who heavily mortgaged his lands to give them opportunity back in Germany. Disease and a competitive gristmill also contributed to Moravian Hope's decline.[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 18.29 square miles (47.38 km2), including 18.08 square miles (46.83 km2) of land and 0.21 square miles (0.55 km2) of water (1.15%).[9][10] The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley, which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches Шаблон:Convert from Canada to Alabama.

Hope CDP (with a 2010 population of 195[11]), Mount Hermon (141[12]) and Silver Lake (368[13]) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.[14][15][16]

Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include:[17]

  • Feebletown
  • Locust Lake
  • Mount Herman
  • Swayzes Mill[18]

The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Blairstown Township, Frelinghuysen Township, Knowlton Township, Liberty Township and White Township.[19][20]

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population The township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is included by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.[21]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 1,952 people, 741 households, and 558 families in the township. The population density was 104.8 per square mile (40.5/km2). There were 809 housing units at an average density of 43.4 per square mile (16.8/km2). The racial makeup was 96.21% (1,878) White, 1.18% (23) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 1.59% (31) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.41% (8) from other races, and 0.61% (12) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.10% (80) of the population.[2]

Of the 741 households, 29.8% had children under the age of 18; 62.2% were married couples living together; 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 24.7% were non-families. Of all households, 19.6% were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.03.[2]

22.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 35.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 97.8 males.[2]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $75,107 (with a margin of error of +/− $5,302) and the median family income was $81,204 (+/− $7,973). Males had a median income of $59,141 (+/− $10,502) versus $52,574 (+/− $25,011) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,283 (+/− $2,988). About 4.8% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.[22]

2000 census

As of the 2000 U.S. census,[23] there were 1,891 people, 697 households, and 538 families residing in the township. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 747 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the township was 98.25% White, 0.42% African American, 0.42% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.[24][25]

There were 697 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.12.[24][25]

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.[24][25]

The median income for a household in the township was $61,319, and the median income for a family was $68,750. Males had a median income of $48,750 versus $34,038 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,902. About 1.1% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.[24][25]

Government

Local government

Hope Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.[26] The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.[27][28] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor, each serving in that role for one year.

Шаблон:As of, the Hope Township Committee is comprised of Mayor Timothy C. McDonough (I, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor C. John Kruk (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2022) and Terry Urfer (R, 2023).[29][30][31][32][33]

Constitutional officers are township clerk, Robin Keggan; chief financial officer, Kathleen Reinalda; tax collector, Stephen Lance; and tax assessor, Richard Motyka.[29]

Federal, state, and county representation

Hope Township is located in the 7th Congressional District[34] and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district.[35]

Шаблон:NJ Congress 07 Шаблон:NJ Senate

Шаблон:NJ Legislative 23

Шаблон:NJ Warren County Freeholders

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 1,317 registered voters in Hope Township, of which 248 (18.8% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 523 (39.7% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 545 (41.4% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party.[36] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 67.5% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 87.2% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).[36][37]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 566 votes (60.5% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 337 votes (36.0% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 20 votes (2.1% vs. 1.7%), among the 936 ballots cast by the township's 1,321 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.9% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County).[38][39] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 628 votes (62.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 339 votes (33.9% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 15 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,001 ballots cast by the township's 1,380 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County).[40] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 641 votes (64.6% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 324 votes (32.7% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 17 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 992 ballots cast by the township's 1,279 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.6% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).[41]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 77.6% of the vote (437 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 20.1% (113 votes), and other candidates with 2.3% (13 votes), among the 573 ballots cast by the township's 1,334 registered voters (10 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.0%.[42][43] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 467 votes (68.2% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 142 votes (20.7% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 50 votes (7.3% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 14 votes (2.0% vs. 1.5%), among the 685 ballots cast by the township's 1,328 registered voters, yielding a 51.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).[44]

Education

Hope Township School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Hope Township Elementary School.[45][46] As of the 2020–2021 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 115 students and 16.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.1:1.[47] In the 2016–2017 school year, the district was tied for the 30th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state.[48]

Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades from Harmony Township, Hope Township and White Township attend Belvidere High School in Belvidere as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Belvidere School District.[45][49] As of the 2020–2021 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 367 students and 32.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.4:1.[50]

Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K–8)[51] or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9–12),[52] with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for Pre-K–12).[45][53]

Transportation

Файл:2020-07-14 14 46 42 View east along Interstate 80 at Exit 12 (Warren County Route 521 TO Warren County Route 519, Blairstown, Hope) in Hope Township, Warren County, New Jersey.jpg
Interstate 80 eastbound in Hope Township

Шаблон:As of, the township had a total of Шаблон:Convert of roadways, of which Шаблон:Convert were maintained by the municipality, Шаблон:Convert by Warren County and Шаблон:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[54]

Interstate 80 (the Bergen-Passaic Expressway) passes through the township for Шаблон:Convert, with access via exit 12 to Hope-Blairstown Road (County Route 521).[55] CR 521 has its southern terminus in Hope Township at an intersection with County Route 609 (High Street) and runs through the township for Шаблон:Convert.[56] CR 519 passes through Hope for Шаблон:Convert and can be accessed by CR 521.[57]

Notable people

Шаблон:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hope Township include:

Popular culture

Файл:Entrance gate, Moravian Cemetery, Hope, NJ.jpg
The gate to the Moravian Cemetery in Hope appeared in the horror movie, Friday the 13th.
  • Duluth, Minnesota slow-core band Low recorded their 1994 debut LP, I Could Live in Hope in Hope Township, and named the album as a reference to the municipality.[62]
  • Hope Township was the filming location for two scenes in the horror movie Friday the 13th, with the Moravian Cemetery (see photo) and Hartung's General Store appearing in the film.[63][64]

Points of interest

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Surrounding communities

Шаблон:Geographic Location (8-way) Шаблон:Warren County, New Jersey Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок LWD2020 не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Census2010 не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок LWD2010 не указан текст
  4. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  5. ↑ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 246. Accessed October 26, 2012.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Antonoff, Paul S. "The Moravian Village of Hope Is Marked as a Historic Site; A Planned Community", The New York Times, October 7, 1973. Accessed September 11, 2013.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 History, Hope Township. Accessed September 2, 2015. "After a formal survey of the Village completed on November 26, 1774, the community was officially accepted by The Moravian Church and the name was changed by drawing lots on February 8, 1775 from Greenland to Hope."
  8. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 2, 2015.
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок CensusArea не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок GR1 не указан текст
  11. ↑ DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Hope CDP, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  12. ↑ DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Mount Hermon CDP, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  13. ↑ DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Silver Lake - Warren CDP, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  14. ↑ GCT-PH1 - Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Warren County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  15. ↑ 2006-2010 American Community Survey Geography for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  16. ↑ New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts - 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH-2-32), United States Census Bureau, p. III-5, August 2012. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  17. ↑ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed April 1, 2015.
  18. ↑ Swayze's Mill, accessed April 2017
  19. ↑ Municipal Directory, Warren County, New Jersey. Accessed July 30, 2023.
  20. ↑ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  21. ↑ Karp, Gregory. "Lehigh Valley, Warren County reunited as a metro area ** Economies, social patterns similar, federal office says.", The Morning Call, June 22, 2003. Accessed February 15, 2022. "This time, new rules for defining MSAs determined that because the Phillipsburg area was the biggest cluster of people in Warren County, the whole county should be lumped with the nearby Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton metro area."
  22. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Hope township, Warren County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  23. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок GR2 не указан текст
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Hope township, New Jersey Шаблон:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 25,2 25,3 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Hope township, Warren County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  26. ↑ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  27. ↑ 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 103.
  28. ↑ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 7. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Directory of Officials, Hope Township. Accessed February 28, 2022.
  30. ↑ 2021 Municipal User Friendly Budget, Hope Township. Accessed February 28, 2022.
  31. ↑ Summary Results Report 2021 General Election November 2, 2021 Official Results, Warren County, New Jersey, updated November 18, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  32. ↑ Warren County 2020 General Election November 20, 2020 Official Results, Warren County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  33. ↑ General Election November 5, 2019, Warren County Official Tally, Warren County, New Jersey, updated November 12, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  34. ↑ 2022 Redistricting Plan, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 8, 2022.
  35. ↑ Municipalities Sorted by 2023-2031 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed September 1, 2023.
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 Voter Registration Summary - Warren, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  37. ↑ GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  38. ↑ Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Warren County Шаблон:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  39. ↑ Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Warren County Шаблон:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  40. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Warren County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  41. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Warren County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ 2009 Governor: Warren County Шаблон:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  45. ↑ 45,0 45,1 45,2 Municipal Guide to Public School Districts, Warren County, New Jersey. Accessed March 11, 2022.
  46. ↑ School Performance Reports for the Hope Township School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed March 11, 2022.
  47. ↑ District information for Hope Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  48. ↑ Guion, Payton. "These 43 N.J. school districts have fewer than 200 students", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 2017. Accessed January 30, 2020. "Based on data from the state Department of Education from the last school year and the Census Bureau, NJ Advance Media made a list of the smallest of the small school districts in the state, excluding charter schools and specialty institutions.... 30. Hope Township (tie) - Enrollment: 155; Grades: Pre-K-8; County: Warren"
  49. ↑ Belvidere High School 2016 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 7, 2017. "The District serves students from the Belvidere K-12 district and three surrounding K-8 districts; Hope, Harmony, and White."
  50. ↑ School data for Belvidere High School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  51. ↑ F.A.Q., Ridge and Valley Charter School. Accessed July 17, 2017. "Enrollment is open, on a space available basis, to all K-8 students residing in N.J. with priority given to students residing in the districts of Blairstown, Hardwick, Knowlton, Frelinghuysen, and North Warren Regional School."
  52. ↑ About Us Шаблон:Webarchive, Warren County Technical School. Accessed September 16, 2013.
  53. ↑ About Шаблон:Webarchive, Warren County Special Services School District. Accessed September 16, 2013.
  54. ↑ Warren County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  55. ↑ Interstate 80 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, April 2014. Accessed August 8, 2016.
  56. ↑ County Route 521 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, June 2012. Accessed August 8, 2016.
  57. ↑ County Route 519 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, November 2012. Accessed August 8, 2016.
  58. ↑ Abraham H. Albertson, Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Accessed January 25, 2020. "Abraham Horace Albertson (1872-1964) was one of Seattle’s most prolific architects. He was born in Hope, New Jersey on April 14, 1872."
  59. ↑ Staff. "John Insley Blair Dead; Leaves a Name for Philanthropy and Many Millions. Blairstown, His Home, Famous His Determination to Acquire Wealth -- His Vast Railroad, Mining, and Financial Enterprises.", The New York Times, December 3, 1899. Accessed April 29, 2015. ""When he was two years old his father moved to a farm on Beaver Creek, near the village of Hope, and young Blair spent his boyhood on the farm that is still in possession of the family."
  60. ↑ "New Jersey Hero or Georgia POW Purgatory", Civil War Bummer, May 30, 2013. Accessed April 29, 2015. "Charles Ferren Hopkins was born, May 16, 1842, in Hope, New Jersey."
  61. ↑ Staff. "Joseph Krumgold, Screenwriter And Author of Children's Books", The New York Times, July 16, 1980. Accessed April 29, 2015. "Joseph Krumgold, a screenwriter and author of children's books, died of a stroke July 10 at his home in Hope, N.J. He was 72 years old."
  62. ↑ Low Live at KJHK-FM on 1994-05-02, Interview (part 2), Archive.org. Accessed August 8, 2016.
  63. ↑ Friday the 13th filming locations, Accessed June 6, 2013.
  64. ↑ Staff. "Friday the 13th comes home to Warren County", Warren Reporter, May 13, 2011. Accessed June 5, 2013. "The original Friday the 13th, released in 1980, was centered around Camp No-Be-Bo-Sco in Hardwick Township, and included scenes across northern Warren County, including downtown Blairstown, Hardwick and Hope."
  65. ↑ About Us, Land of Make Believe. Accessed November 6, 2017.
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