Английская Википедия:Hraschina meteorite

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox meteorite

Hraschina is the official name of an iron meteorite that fell in 1751 near the village of Hrašćina in Hrvatsko Zagorje, Croatia.[1][2] This meteorite is important because it was the first fall of an iron meteorite viewed and reported by a significant number of witnesses,[3] despite its low remaining total known weight.[2] The Hraschina meteorite also proved that rocks really can "fall from the skies".[4]

History

Файл:Meteorit Hrascina 1751.jpg
Drawing by M. W. Haidinger depicts the fall of the meteorite based on eyewitness accounts.

On 26 May 1751, at 18:00, a fireball was seen over Hrašćina and sounds like detonations were heard as far away as Varaždin, giving an estimate of nearly Шаблон:Convert of area over which the meteorite's sound was audible.[3] Many people taking their Sunday evening walk witnessed the event. Baltazar Adam Krčelić, a clergyman, historian, and a noted chronicler of daily events, who was spending time in the village of Biškupec, recorded the following:[5] Шаблон:Quote

Iron masses of Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert fell to the east of Hrašćina and were later recovered. The larger mass penetrated Шаблон:Convert into the ground.[3] But there are reports that it went much deeper.[4] The smaller mass was split at the place of the fall and partly used by the local villagers for making nails,[6] while the rest of it was split further in Bratislava and subsequently lost.[3]

The Zagreb Catholic chapter sent the meteorites and an official report (the "Protocol of Bishop Klobuczezky and Curate-General Wolfgang Kukuljevic") to the Empress Maria Theresa. The meteorites were deposited in the Treasury in Vienna and then to the Court museum, now the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Museum of Natural History in Vienna).[7]

On the basis of the Protocol of Bishop Baron[8][9] Klobuczezky[10] and the fact that these fresh fallen meteorites presented a molten metal crust, in 1794 Ernst Chladni proposed that meteorites have their origins in outer space.[11] Since meteorites were thought to be of volcanic origin, this was a very controversial statement at the time,[12] but in 1803 was confirmed by Jean Baptiste Biot and was then accepted.[13]

In 1808 Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten discovered the Widmanstätten patterns by heating a slab of this meteorite.[4][13][14] "Though another scientist, G. Thomson, had also discovered the texture, Widmanstätten's work was recognized by Carl von Schreibers (then Director of the Vienna Natural History Cabinet) and the term Widmanstätten has been used to describe the texture ever since."[13]

Composition and classification

Файл:Hraschina meteorite, Natural History Museum, London.jpg
Sample at the Natural History Museum of London, Шаблон:Convert

Hraschina is an iron meteorite chemical type IID, structural class medium octahedrite.

Composition: Fe 89%, Ni 10.5%, Ge 89.4 ppm, Ga 74.5 ppm, Ir 13 ppm.[15]

Samples distribution

The main mass (Шаблон:Convert) is conserved at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.[13] The second largest mass is a piece of Шаблон:Convert recently discovered within an old collection. Other pieces are: Шаблон:Convert at MiN of Berlin, Шаблон:Convert at the Natural History Museum of London, and a few smaller pieces in other institutions.[2] The largest mass shows evidence of a spirited attack with a hammer-like object.[2]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Meteorites Шаблон:Meteorites by name

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок database не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ Török, J. (1882): A Magyar Birodalom meteoritjei (II. rész). Természettudományi Közlöny, 14, 495–514.
  8. ↑ (Croatian) Hrvatska provincija uršulinki rimske unije
  9. ↑ (Croatian) Veritas - Samostan sestara uršulinki u Varaždinu Шаблон:Webarchive
  10. ↑ (Croatian) Vlatka Vukelić: Povijest sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja u Sisku od 16. stoljeća do 1941. godine, doktorski rad, Zagreb, 2011.
  11. ↑ Chladni, Ernst, Über den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen und anderer ihr ähnlicher Eisenmassen und über einige damit in Verbindung stehende Naturerscheinungen (On the Origin of the Pallas Iron and Others Similar to it, and on Some Associated Natural Phenomena)
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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