Английская Википедия:Hāwera

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Файл:Hawera Water Tower.jpg

The water tower at Hāwera

Hāwera is the second-largest centre in the Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of Шаблон:NZ population data 2018.Шаблон:NZ population data 2018 It is near the coast of the South Taranaki Bight. The origins of the town lie in a government military base that was established in 1866, and the town of Hāwera grew up around a blockhouse in the early 1870s.

Hāwera is 75 kilometres south of New Plymouth on State Highway 3 and 30 minutes' drive from Mount Taranaki. It is located on State Highway 45, known as Surf Highway 45 for its numerous surf beaches. State Highway 45 passes through Manaia, Ōpunake and Oakura en route to New Plymouth. Kaponga is a 20-minute drive to the north-west. The Marton–New Plymouth Line railway passes through Hāwera and has served the town since 1 August 1881, though it has been freight-only since the cancellation of the last railcar passenger service between Wellington and New Plymouth on 30 July 1977.

History

Pre-European history

The Māori-language name Шаблон:Lang means "burnt place"; it arose as a result of fighting between two local sub-tribes, which culminated in the setting ablaze of the sleeping whare (house) of the tribe under attack. An older Māori name was Шаблон:Lang, referring to the patatē or seven-finger tree Schefflera digitata. Spelled "Hawera" for most of its European history, a macron was added to the official name by the New Zealand Geographic Board in June 2019.

European settlement

The town's name meaning "burnt place" became apt when the town suffered extensive blazes in 1884, 1888, and 1912.

For this reason a large water tower was built in the centre of town to increase water pressure; and this became one of Taranaki's best-known landmarks (appearing, for example, on the cover of the 1974 telephone directory). After falling into disrepair the tower was closed to the public in 2001, but after an extensive restoration programme it opened again in 2004.

Marae

There are four marae in the Hāwera area:

• Ngātiki Pa, is affiliated with Taanga’oe Hapū of Hāmua and Hawe.
• Te Rangatapu Marae and its Aorangi meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāruahine hapū of Kanihi-Umutahi and Ōkahu-Inuāwai.
• Taiporohēnui Marae and its Whareroa meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Ruanui hapū of Hāmua and Hāpōtiki.
• Wharepuni Marae and its Tūpaia meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Ruanui hapū of Ngāti Tānewai and Ngāti Tūpaea.

In October 2020, the Government committed $1,479,479 from the Provincial Growth Fund to renovate Meremere Marae, Ketemarae Pā, Pariroa Marae and Taiporohēnui Marae, creating 35 jobs.

Demography

Hāwera covers Шаблон:Convert and had an estimated population of Шаблон:NZ population data 2018 as of Шаблон:NZ population data 2018 with a population density of Шаблон:Decimals people per km².

Шаблон:Historical populations Hāwera had a population of 9,792 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 666 people (7.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 975 people (11.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 3,816 households, comprising 4,770 males and 5,025 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 2,043 people (20.9%) aged under 15 years, 1,767 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 4,071 (41.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,908 (19.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 78.8% European/Pākehā, 27.5% Māori, 1.9% Pacific peoples, 5.0% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 10.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 49.0% had no religion, 37.7% were Christian, 2.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.3% were Hindu, 0.6% were Muslim, 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 714 (9.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 2,208 (28.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,125 people (14.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,621 (46.7%) people were employed full-time, 996 (12.9%) were part-time, and 378 (4.9%) were unemployed.

Individual statistical areas

Name	Area (km2)	Population	Density (per km2)	Households	Median age	Median income
Egmont Showgrounds	4.40	1,734	394	654	42.2 years	$33,900
Turuturu	4.33	1,893	437	726	36.2 years	$31,900
King Edward Park	1.08	1,521	1,408	588	40.2 years	$25,200
Ramanui	13.60	2,052	151	765	38.4 years	$27,500
Hāwera Central	1.78	2,592	1,456	1,083	41.3 years	$25,300
New Zealand					37.4 years	$31,800

Economy

Файл:Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand, 12 April 2008.jpg

Aerial view of Hāwera, including surrounding farms and the Whareroa Dairy Factory.

The Whareroa dairy factory, 4 km south-southwest of the township, is the largest dairy complex in the world in terms of output. The complex is owned by Fonterra, having been built by the former Kiwi Co-operative Dairies, whose original plant opened on that site in 1975.

During peak season, the complex employs 1,000 people and processes up to 14 million litres of milk per day. Electricity and heat used at Whareroa is generated by an on-site gas-fired power plant, with excess electricity fed into the national grid.

Hāwera is home to Tawhiti Museum, well known for its hand-crafted life-sized mannequins depicting scenes of local heritage and history, and its scale models of local Māori pā.

Education

Hāwera Primary School was established in 1875. It developed into a District High School in 1901. Hāwera High School opened as Hāwera Technical High School in 1919, and moved to a new site in 1921. The intermediate school opened in 1961. In October 2021, it was announced that Hāwera High School and Hāwera Intermediate would be closing at the end of 2022. A new, years 7–13 school, Te Paepae o Aotea, was created on the former Hāwera High School campus at the beginning of 2023.

The Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki has a campus in Hāwera, established in 1990.

Te Paepae o Aotea is a secondary school for years 7 to 13 with a roll of Шаблон:NZ school roll data.

Hāwera Primary School, Ramanui School, Tawhiti School and Turuturu School are contributing primary (years 1–6) schools with rolls of Шаблон:NZ school roll data, Шаблон:NZ school roll data, Шаблон:NZ school roll data and Шаблон:NZ school roll data respectively.Шаблон:NZ school roll data Hāwera Primary celebrated its 125th jubilee in 2000. Ramanui school celebrated its 50th jubilee in 2003.

Hāwera Christian School and St Joseph's School are state integrated full primary (years 1–8) schools with rolls of Шаблон:NZ school roll data and Шаблон:NZ school roll data respectively.

Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Ngati Ruanui is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of Шаблон:NZ school roll data. It is a Kura Kaupapa Māori school which teaches in the Māori language.

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of Шаблон:NZ school roll data

Politics

Hāwera is in the South Taranaki district. After serving four terms as mayor of South Taranaki, Ross Dunlop did not stand in the 2019 election, and was replaced as mayor by District Councillor Phil Nixon.

Notable people

• Aroha Awarau, journalist
• Michael Bent, rugby player
• Pat Booth, investigative journalist
• Chester Borrows, National Party Member of Parliament
• Cameron Brewer, Auckland councillor
• Alan Brough, actor and comedian
• Gayle Broughton, rugby union player
• Michael Campbell, professional golfer
• Tim Chadwick, artist and author
• Geoffrey Duncan Chisholm, surgeon
• Fanny Good (1860–1950), painter and botanical illustrator
• John Gildroy Grant, World War I Victoria Cross recipient
• Wayne Gould, populariser of sudoku
• Ben Hurley, comedian and cricket commentator
• Peter Ingram, cricket player
• Fiona Kidman, writer
• Nicola Kawana, actress
• Issac Luke, rugby league player
• John Mitchell, rugby union player and coach
• Ronald Hugh Morrieson, author
• Alan Stuart Paterson, cartoonist
• John Plumtree, rugby union player and coach
• Conrad Smith, All Black rugby union player
• Elijah Taylor, rugby league player
• Adine Wilson, Silver Ferns netballer
• Debbie Ngarewa-Packer, Māori Party member of parliament

External links

• Hāwera information page from the South Taranaki District Council