Английская Википедия:I am (biblical term)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Christology
The Koine Greek term Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:IPA-el), literally Шаблон:'I amШаблон:' or Шаблон:'It is IШаблон:', is an emphatic form of the copulative verb εἰμι that is recorded in the Gospels to have been spoken by Jesus on several occasions to refer to himself not with the role of a verb but playing the role of a name, in the Gospel of John occurring seven times with specific titles. It is connected to the passage in Exodus 3:14 in which God gives his name as Шаблон:Lang-hbo, translated most basically as "I am that I am" or "I shall be what I am". In the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 3:14), it is the personal name of God, revealed directly to Moses.[1] These usages have been the subject of significant Christological analysis.[2][3]
New Testament
In the New Testament, the personal pronoun Шаблон:Lang in conjunction with the present first-person singular copulative Шаблон:Lang is recorded to have been used mainly by Jesus, especially in the Gospel of John.
It is used in the Gospel of John both with and without a predicate nominative. The seven occurrences with a predicate nominative that have resulted in some of the titles for Jesus are:
- I am the Bread of Life (John 6:35)
- I am the Light of the World (John 8:12)
- I am the Door (John 10:9)
- I am the Good Shepherd (John 10:11,14)
- I am the Resurrection and the Life (John 11:25)
- I am the Way and the Truth and the Life (John 14:6)
- I am the Vine (John 15:1,5)
Without predicate nominative
"I am" is also used without a predicate nominative, which is not very common in Koine Greek, thus it is generally interpreted as a self-declaration by Jesus, identifying himself as God. In John 8:24 Jesus states: "For unless you believe that I am, you will die in your sins", and later the crowd attempts to stone Jesus in response to his statement in John 8:58: "Before Abraham was, I am". Many other translations, including the American Standard Version, have rendered John 8:24 as something like "For unless you believe that I am [He], you will die in your sins". Some consider the phrase in John 8:58 to be grammatically different from that in John 8:24, as the copulative verb can be used with any predicative expression and not only a predicate nominative, such as in Шаблон:Lang ("where I am, you also may be") in John 14:3. Шаблон:Lang ("before Abraham was") can be taken as a predicative prepositional phrase, thus Шаблон:Lang ("I am") in John 8:58 does not grammatically require a predicate nominative, however it is rather unusual for a present tense verb to be used with a temporal adverb like Шаблон:Lang in a declarative statement, though there are rare exceptions outside the New Testament. Thus explanations of John 8:58 generally depend on theology and not Greek grammar.
With predicate nominative
Шаблон:Original research section
There are other times the phrase is used in the New Testament, but with a predicate nominative and/or adjectives in between Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang: a centurion in Matt 8:9 and Luke 7:8, Zechariah in Luke 1:18, Gabriel in Luke 1:19, a man blind from birth in John 9:9 who is healed by Jesus and told to go wash in the Pool of Siloam, Peter in Acts 10:21 and Acts 10:26, Paul the Apostle in Acts 22:3, Acts 23:6, Acts 26:29, Romans 7:14, Romans 11:1, Romans 11:13, 1 Corinthians 15:9 and 1 Timothy 1:15, some Corinthian believer in 1 Corinthians 1:12 and 1 Corinthians 3:4, John the Baptist in the negative (Шаблон:Lang, 'I am not') in John 3:28 and Acts 13:25 (compare with Jesus in John 8:23, 17:14,16), and Pilate in a question (Шаблон:Lang, 'Am I [a] Jew?') in John 18:35.[4][5][6]
Old Testament
Шаблон:Lang εἰμι also occurs without an explicit or implicit predicate nominative in the Septuagint, but instead either with a prepositional phrase such as in Шаблон:Lang ("Am I in place of God ...") Genesis 30:2, or with a predicative clause such as in Шаблон:Lang ("As a foreigner and a sojourner I am with you") in Genesis 23:4, or with the idiomatic meaning 'It is I' such as in Шаблон:Lang ("And Joab said: I hear; it is I.") in 2 Samuel 20:17.[7]
It has been suggested that the unique expression of the Tetragrammaton Шаблон:Lang (YHWH) is a verbal cognate noun derived from Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), the Hebrew copulative otherwise known as the verb 'to be'. Translations often render this word in compliance with the tradition of the Septuagint, "Lord". LaterШаблон:When it has been pointed with the vowels of the word Elohim and transcribed as "Jehovah". Finally the Tetragrammaton was vocalized as Yahweh. But often found in apposition, if not in construct state (there is no way of telling) with elohim, it suggests "the being" or the "I AM" of God.
In Christian philosophy
The philosopher Joseph de Torre, commenting on the philosophical implications of "I am" as the name of God, wrote:
See also
- I AM (book)
- I Am that I Am
- Ego eimi
- Holy Name of Jesus
- Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
- The Thunder, Perfect Mind
- Dinanukht
Further reading
- The "I am" of the fourth Gospel by Philip B. Harner Шаблон:ISBN, 1970
References
- ↑ https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11305-names-of-god
- ↑ Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi by Karl Rahner 2004 Шаблон:ISBN page 1082
- ↑ Hurtado, Larry W. (June 2003). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans. Шаблон:ISBN pages 370–371
- ↑ Nestle-Aland "Novum Testamentum Graece", 27th revised edition (a.k.a. "NA27"), Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, July 2006, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ "The Greek New Testament", 4th Edition with Dictionary, United Bible Societies (a.k.a. "UBS4")
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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