Английская Википедия:Irish House of Commons
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox legislature
The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary England and Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.
The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.
From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Franchise
The limited franchise was exclusively male. From 1728 until 1793, Catholics were disfranchised, as well as being ineligible to sit in the Commons. Most of the population of all religions had no vote. In counties, forty-shilling freeholders were enfranchised while in most boroughs it was either only the members of self-electing corporations or a highly restricted body of freemen that were eligible to vote for the borough's representatives. The vast majority of parliamentary boroughs were pocket boroughs, the private property of an aristocratic patron.
Abolition
The House of Commons was abolished under the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the Kingdom of Ireland into the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with effect from 1 January 1801. The Irish House of Commons sat for the last time in Parliament House, Dublin on 2 August 1800. One hundred of its members were designated or co-opted to sit with the House of Commons of Great Britain, forming the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The patron of pocket boroughs that were disfranchised under the Act of Union was awarded £15,000 compensation for each.[1]
Speaker of the Commons
Шаблон:Main article The Speaker of the Irish House of Commons was the presiding officer of the House and its most senior official. The position was one of considerable power and prestige, and in the absence of a government chosen from and answerable to the Commons, he was the dominant political figure in the Parliament. The last Speaker was John Foster.
Constituencies
The number of boroughs invited to return members had originally been small (only 55 Boroughs existed in 1603) but was doubled by the Stuart monarchs. By the time of the Union, there were 150 constituencies, each electing two members:Шаблон:Sfn
- 32 county constituencies;
- 8 county borough constituencies;
- 109 borough constituencies;
- Dublin University.
Following the Act of Union, from 1801, there were 100 MPs from Ireland in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The constituencies were adapted from those in the Irish House of Commons as follows:
- 32 county constituencies, with two MPs each;
- 2 county borough constituencies, Cork City and Dublin City, both with two MPs;
- 31 county borough and borough constituencies, with one MP each;
- Dublin University, with one MP.
- Notes
Means of resignation
Until 1793 members could not resign their seats. They could cease to be a member of the House in one of four ways:
- death,
- expulsion,
- taking Holy Orders, or
- being awarded a peerage and so a seat in the Irish House of Lords.
- Standing down at election to the House.
In 1793 a means for resignation was created, equivalent to the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Manor of Northstead as a means of resignation from the British House of Commons. From that date, Irish members could be appointed to the Escheatorship of Munster, the Escheatorship of Leinster, the Escheatorship of Connaught or the Escheatorship of Ulster. Possession of one of these Crown offices, "office of profit under the Crown" with a 30-shilling salary, terminated one's membership of the House of Commons.
Notable members
- Henry Grattan: Went on to serve as an Irish member of the United Kingdom House of Commons.
- Boyle Roche: The "father" of Irish bulls
- Hon. Arthur Wellesley: Later became Duke of Wellington, defeated Napoleon I at Waterloo, and served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He represented his family borough of Trim, County Meath from 1790 to 1798.
- William Conolly: A past Speaker, Conolly was notable not just for his role in parliament but also for his great wealth that allowed him to build one of Ireland's greatest Georgian houses, Castletown House.
- Nathaniel Clements: 1705–77 Government and Treasury Official, Managed extensive financial functions from 1720 to 1777Шаблон:Dubious on behalf of the Government, de facto Minister for Finance 1740–77, extensive property owner and developer. A major influence on the architecture of Georgian Dublin and the Irish Palladian Country house.
- John Philpot Curran: Orator and wit, originator of the quotation "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty".
See also
References
Sources
- Mary Frances Cusack, Illustrated History of Ireland, Project Gutenberg
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Moody/Vaughan, A new history of Ireland, Oxford, 1986, Шаблон:ISBN and Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- Members Name Search (Commons and Lords, 1692–1800) Irish Legislation Database, Queen's University Belfast
- History of the Irish Parliament: Constituencies Ulster Historical Foundation
- Journals of the House of Commons of Ireland (proceedings from 1613)
- Index page for 14 volumes at HathiTrust
- large (~1 GB) PDF scans of 21 volumes from Oireachtas library) Index Vol.1 Index Vol.2 Vol.2 Vol.3 Vol.4 Vol.5 Vol.6 Vol.7 Vol.8 Vol.9 Vol.10 Vol.11 Vol.12 Vol.13 Vol.14 Vol.15 Vol.16 Vol.17 Vol.17 (Appendix) Vol.18 Vol.19 Vol.19 (Appendix)
Шаблон:Irish legislatures Шаблон:Kingdom of Ireland Шаблон:National lower houses
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Fiants Ire. Eliz. No 1530
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 3,17 3,18 3,19 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Шаблон:Cite bookInquisitionum in Officio Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Asservatarum Repertorium (Repertory of the Inquisitions of the Chancery of Ireland) Volume II, page xix 'An Order for the division, setting out and appoyntinge of the boundes, lymytts and circuits of sixe severall sheires or countyes within the pvince of Ulster within this realme of Ireland, viz. the countye of Tyron, the countye of Donnyngall, the countye of Fermanaghe, the countye of Colrane, the countye of Armaghe and the countye of Monohon ... the firste of September anno dei 1585, annoque d[omi]n[a]e Regin[a]e Elizabeth', 27mo'
- ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 5,11 5,12 5,13 5,14 5,15 5,16 5,17 5,18 5,19 5,20 5,21 5,22 5,23 5,24 5,25 5,26 5,27 5,28 5,29 5,30 5,31 5,32 5,33 5,34 5,35 5,36 5,37 5,38 5,39 5,40 5,41 5,42 5,43 5,44 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 6,14 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "Turlough Lynagh (O'Neill)'s pretence to harm ... the new made county of Cavan" Proceedings and orders of the Chancellor, Council and Gentlemen of Meath and Dublin, August 21 1579, Calendar of the State Papers relating to Ireland, of the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, Volume 2, 1574-1585 page 184
- ↑ "O'Reilly's country erected into the County of Cavan" Lord Deputy Perrot to Walsyngham, 16 November 1584, Calendar of the State Papers relating to Ireland, of the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, Volume 2, 1574-1585 page 537
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 "Orders to be observed by Sir Nicholas Malby, Knight, for the better government of the Province of Connaght" Printed in O'Flaherty's Chorographical Description of West Or H-Iar Connaught: Written A.D. 1684 ed. Hardiman, P. 304
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 An Act "whereby the King and Queen's Majesties, and the Heires and Successors of the Queen, be entituled to the Counties of Leix, Slewmarge, Irry, Glinmaliry, and Offaily, and for making the same Countries Shire Grounds." 303/554 - 3 & 4 Phil & Mar, c.2 (1556). The Act was repealed in 1962.
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 ”Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Fiants Ire. Eliz. No 1486
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "The Annaley, formerly governed by O’Farrale Bane and O’Farrale Boy, is erected into a shire called Longford." Lord Chancellor and Council to the Queen, March 23, 1571,Calendar of the State Papers relating to Ireland, of the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, Volume 1, 1509-1573, page 440
- ↑ Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543 (294/554) 34 Henry VIII cap 1 (Ire) An Act for the division of Methe into two shires.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Fiants Ire. Eliz. No 3003, 22 March 1577
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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