Английская Википедия:1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 29, 1800 and August 1, 1801. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 7th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1801. They were held at the same time as the 1800 presidential election, in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, defeated incumbent President John Adams, a Federalist. Elections were held for all 105 seats, representing 15 states.
These elections resulted in the Democratic-Republicans picking up 22 seats from the Federalists. This brought the Democratic-Republicans a solid majority of 68 seats, whereas the Federalists were only able to secure 38. Many state legislatures also changed to Democratic-Republican control, with the result that many new Democratic-Republicans were voted into the Senate. The Federalists never again succeeded in gaining a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, and the national Federalist Party disintegrated completely in the early 1820s.[1]
The victory of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans can be attributed partially to unpopular policies pursued by the Adams administration, including the Alien and Sedition Acts, which sought to curtail guarantees of freedom of speech and freedom of the press spelled out in the Bill of Rights.
The difference between Federalist policies in support of a strong national government and the Democratic-Republican preference for states' rights played a prominent role in the election. Federal taxation became an issue as Southerners and Westerners rejected federal taxes levied on property.Шаблон:Citation needed
Election summaries
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:64.15%;" | 68 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:35.85%;" | 38 |
Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
Special elections
There were special elections in 1800 and 1801 during the 6th United States Congress and 7th United States Congress.
Elections are sorted here by date then district.
6th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
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! Шаблон:Ushr
| John Marshall
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| 1799
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent resigned June 7, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of State.
New member elected July 31, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner seated November 26, 1800.
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| Jonathan Brace
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| [[1798 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election|1798 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned in May 1800.
New member elected September 22, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Winner seated November 17, 1800.
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| Dwight Foster
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| 1793
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent resigned June 7, 1800 when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected October 20, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner seated February 6, 1801.
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| Samuel Sewall
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| [[1796 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election|1796 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned January 10, 1800.
New member elected October 20, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Winner seated February 6, 1801.
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| William Gordon
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| 1796
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1800 to become N.H. Attorney General.
New member elected October 27, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Winner also elected to next term, see below.
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| William Henry Harrison
| Шаблон:Party shading/None | None
| 1799
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Indiana Territory.
New member elected November 6, 1800 by the territorial legislature.
Federalist gain.
Successor seated November 24, 1800.
Successor was not a candidate for the next term, see below.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
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| Samuel Lyman
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| 1794
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 6, 1800.
New member elected December 15, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Winner seated February 2, 1801.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
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| Thomas Hartley
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist
| 1788
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent died December 21, 1800.
New member elected January 15, 1801.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below.
Winner seated February 3, 1801.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
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7th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Шаблон:Ushr | James Jones | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent died January 11, 1801, before the beginning of the Congress. New member elected March 23, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Elizur Goodrich | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1799 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election|1799 Шаблон:Small]][2] | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1801. New member elected April 9, 1801. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | George Thatcher | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1788 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent declined re-election. New member elected June 22, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | David Stone | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent elected U.S. Senator, and therefore chose not to serve in the House in the 7th Congress. New member elected August 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Levi Lincoln | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801 to become U.S. Attorney General. New member elected August 24, 1801. Federalist gain. Winner seated January 11, 1802. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | William Edmond | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1797 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election|1797 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1801. New member elected September 21, 1801. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | John Bird | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent resigned July 25, 1801. New member elected October 8, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Thomas Tillotson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned August 10, 1801 to become N.Y. Secretary of State. New member elected October 8, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Peter Muhlenberg | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent elected U.S. Senator, and therefore declined to serve in the House in the 7th Congress. New member elected October 13, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Albert Gallatin | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent appointed U.S. Treasury May 14, 1801 during the 7th Congress but before that congress formally convened. New member elected October 13, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner seated December 7, 1801. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Silas Lee | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1800 | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent resigned August 20, 1801. No majority was achieved on the September 25, 1801 and December 7, 1801 ballots, so the election was continued in 1802. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Connecticut
Note: Between the two sources used, there is disagreement over the ordering of the candidates. Both sources have the same numbers of votes recorded, but disagree on which candidates received those votes, one source lists Goddard as 8th, Talmadge as 9th, etc., as listed here, while the other has them as 11th, 12th, etc., three places off for all of them until the bottom three listed here which are moved up to 8th-10th, suggesting that one of the two sources accidentally misplaced three names on the list. They are ordered here as Goddard and Talmadge in 8th and 9th place as it is more likely that they'd been at the top of the runners-up given that they were subsequently elected to fill vacancies in the 7th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
William Edmond | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1797 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election|1797 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Chauncey Goodrich | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1794 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. Federalist hold. Winner (William Edmond) chose not to serve. A special election was therefore held to replace him, see above. | ||
Jonathan Brace | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1798 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election|1798 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned in May 1800. Federalist hold. Winner (John Cotton Smith) also elected to finish the term, see above. | ||
Roger Griswold | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Elizur Goodrich | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner (Elizur Goodrich) chose not to serve. A special election was therefore held to replace him, see above. | ||
John Davenport | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Samuel W. Dana | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Delaware
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr | James A. Bayard | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Georgia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
James Jones | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Benjamin Taliaferro | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
Thomas T. Davis | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
John Fowler | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Maryland
Massachusetts
Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 1st and 6th districts, necessitating a second trial.
Mississippi Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
James Sheafe | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1799 (special) | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Jonathan Freeman | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
William Gordon | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1800 to become N.H. Attorney General. New member elected. Federalist hold. Winner (Samuel Tenney) also elected to finish current term, see above. | ||
Abiel Foster | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New Jersey
In 1800, New Jersey returned to its traditional at-large district, continued to use this system to select representatives until it was abolished in 1842, with a single exception in 1813.
New York
North Carolina
Northwest Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Pennsylvania
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr | Robert Waln | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1798 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election|1798 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Michael Leib | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Richard Thomas | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1794 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
Peter Muhlenberg | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent/winner was then elected U.S. Senator February 19, 1801, leading to a special election, see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Robert Brown | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1798 Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district special election|1798 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Шаблон:Ushr | Joseph Hiester | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1797 Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district special election|1797 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | John A. Hanna | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | John W. Kittera | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1791 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Thomas Hartley | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1788 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Incumbent died December 21, 1800 and winner was then elected to finish the current term, see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Andrew Gregg | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Henry Woods | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | John Smilie | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1798 |
Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr | Albert Gallatin | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent/winner was later appointed U.S. Treasury May 14, 1801 during the 7th Congress but before that congress formally convened, leading to a special election, see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Rhode Island
Rhode Island switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | CandidatesШаблон:Efn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
John Brown | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1798 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Plainlist Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Plainlist |
Christopher G. Champlin | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican gain. |
South Carolina
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Ushr | William C. C. Claiborne | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Claiborne did not serve in the 7th Congress as he was appointed Governor of Mississippi Territory and was replaced in a special election by William Dickson (Democratic-Republican)
Vermont
Vermont law required a candidate to win a majority to take office, necessitating a run-off election in the 2nd (Eastern) district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | CandidatesШаблон:Efn | |
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
Matthew Lyon | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
Lewis R. Morris | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Plainlist Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Plainlist |
Virginia
Non-voting delegates
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
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! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New seat
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | New seat created.
New delegate elected on an unknown date.
Democratic-Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
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! Шаблон:Ushr
| William Henry Harrison
| Шаблон:Party shading/None | None
| 1799
| Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Indiana Territory.
New member elected November 6, 1800 by the territorial legislature.
Federalist gain.
Successor seated November 24, 1800.
Successor was not a candidate to finish the current next term, see above.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Шаблон:1800 United States elections Шаблон:1801 United States elections Шаблон:United States House of Representatives elections