Английская Википедия:1870–71 United States Senate elections
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 1870–71 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1870 and 1871, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Republican Party lost five seats, though it still retained an overwhelming majority. In advance of these elections, the last four seceded states were readmitted to the Senate.
Mississippian Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American to be elected as a U.S. Senator and become a member of Congress.[2]
In Georgia, Foster Blodgett was elected and presented his credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.
In Virginia, Republican John F. Lewis and Democrat John W. Johnston were elected on January 26, 1870, to fill seats that had been vacant since 1864 and 1865.
Results summary
Senate party division, 42nd Congress (1871–1873)
- Majority party: Republican (55)
- Minority party: Democratic (14)
- Other parties: Liberal Republican (1)
- Vacant: (4)
- Total seats: 74
Change in Senate composition
By March 30, 1870
After the readmission of Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi, and the special elections in Iowa and Maine.
Before the elections
Including the February 1871 readmission of Georgia.
Result of the elections
Beginning of the next Congress
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Race summaries
Special elections during the 41st Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1870 or in 1871 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Iowa (Class 2) |
James W. Grimes | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 1864 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned December 6, 1869 due to ill health. State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected January 18, 1870.[3] Winner did not seek election to the next term. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maine (Class 2) |
Lot M. Morrill | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1861 United States Senate special election in Maine|1861 Шаблон:Small]] 1863 1869 Шаблон:Small 1869 Шаблон:Small |
Interim appointee elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia (Class 1) |
Vacant since January 2, 1864, when Joseph Segar (U) was not seated.[4] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected January 26, 1870. Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Virginia (Class 2) |
Vacant since March 4, 1865, when John Curtiss Underwood (U) was not seated.[5] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected January 26, 1870. Democratic gain. Winner was also elected late to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Texas (Class 2) |
Vacant since July 11, 1861, when John Hemphill (D) was expelled. |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected February 22, 1870.[6] Allowed to take office when state readmitted on March 30, 1870. Republican gain. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
Vacant since January 21, 1861, when Jefferson Davis (D) resigned |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Mississippi (Class 2) |
Vacant since January 12, 1861, when Albert G. Brown (D) withdrew. |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Texas (Class 1) |
Vacant since March 23, 1861, when Louis Wigfall (D) withdrew. |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected March 30, 1870. Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Missouri (Class 3) |
Daniel T. Jewett | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1870 Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 20, 1871 to finish the term. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Minnesota (Class 2) |
William Windom | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1865 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term. Winner elected January 22, 1871 to finish the term. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. Instead, interim appointee was elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Georgia (Class 3) |
Vacant since January 28, 1861, when Alfred Iverson Sr. (D) withdrew. |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | State readmitted to the Union. Winner had been elected in 1867, but not seated until readmission. Winner finally seated February 1, 1871. Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Vacant since February 4, 1861, when Robert Toombs (D) withdrew. |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | State readmitted to the Union. Winner elected February 24, 1871. Democratic gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
Races leading to the 42nd Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1871; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | Willard Warner | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1868 United States Senate elections in Alabama|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Arkansas | Alexander McDonald | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1868 United States Senate elections in Arkansas|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Delaware | Willard Saulsbury Sr. | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 1864 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election to his older brother. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Georgia | Homer V. M. Miller | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1871 United States Senate elections in Georgia|1871 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1876 or 1877. Democratic hold. Senate later refused to seat Senator-elect Foster Blodgett. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Illinois | Richard Yates | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 or 1865 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Iowa | James B. Howell | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1870 United States Senate special election in Iowa|1870 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1870.[3] Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Kansas | Edmund G. Ross | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1866 Шаблон:Small [[1867 United States Senate special election in Kansas|1867 Шаблон:Small]] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Kentucky | Thomas C. McCreery | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1868 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Democratic hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Louisiana | John S. Harris | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1868 United States Senate elections in Louisiana|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maine | Lot M. Morrill | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1861 United States Senate special election in Maine|1861 Шаблон:Small]] 1863 1869 Шаблон:Small 1869 Шаблон:Small [[1870 United States Senate special election in Maine|1870 Шаблон:Small]] |
Incumbent re-elected in 1870 or 1871. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Massachusetts | Henry Wilson | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1855 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1855 Шаблон:Small]] 1859 1865 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1871. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Michigan | Jacob M. Howard | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1862 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1862 Шаблон:Small]] 1865 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Minnesota | Ozora P. Stearns | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1871 United States Senate special election in Minnesota|1871 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Mississippi | Hiram Rhodes Revels | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1870 United States Senate elections in Mississippi|1870 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Nebraska | John M. Thayer | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1867 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Hampshire | Aaron H. Cragin | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Jersey | Alexander G. Cattell | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1866 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1866 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| North Carolina | Joseph Abbott | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1868 United States Senate elections in North Carolina|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat remained vacant until January 30, 1872. |
Шаблон:Data missing |
| Oregon | George H. Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Rhode Island | Henry B. Anthony | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 1864 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1870. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| South Carolina | Thomas J. Robertson | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1868 United States Senate elections in South Carolina|1868 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee | Joseph S. Fowler | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1866 United States Senate elections in Tennessee|1866 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Texas | Morgan C. Hamilton | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1870 United States Senate elections in Texas|1870 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia | John W. Johnston | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1870 United States Senate elections in Virginia|1870 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until March 15, 1871. |
Шаблон:Data missing |
| West Virginia | Waitman T. Willey | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1863 1865 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Elections during the 42nd Congress
In this election, the winner was elected in 1871 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Virginia (Class 2) |
Vacant | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Legislature had failed to elect. Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Party stripe Шаблон:Aye John W. Johnston (Democratic) Шаблон:Data missing | ||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Vacant | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Foster Blodgett had presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected. Winner elected November 14, 1871. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Aye Thomas M. Norwood (Democratic) Шаблон:Data missing | ||
See also
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:United States Senate elections Шаблон:Reconstruction era
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Segar was not seated on the premise that the Union-friendly legislature was illegitimate despite having seated his predecessor based credentials from the same legislature. In reality, the Senate refused because it did not want to set a precedent for easing reentry of Confederate states. See Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cite web
