Английская Википедия:1961 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1961 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić (1892–1975) "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country."[1][2] He is the first and only Serbian-speaking recipient of the literature prize.[2]
Laureate
Шаблон:Main Ivo Andrić began by writing poetry, and philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Kafka and Goethe had an impact on his philosophical views. But his preferred literary form would be the historical epic. The fates of people are illuminated against a historical, cultural, and religious backdrop in Andrić's writings, such as his monumental novel Na Drini ćuprija ("The Bridge on the Drina", 1945). His stories show both immense love for individuals and brutality and violence. His writing is clear and full of information, and his stories are filled with insightful psychological observations. His other well-known literary oeuvres include Travnička hronika ("Travnika Chronicle", 1945) and Prokleta avlija ("The Damned Yard", 1954).[3][4]
Deliberations
Nominations
Andrić earned ten nominations on four occasions. He was first nominated in 1958 by The Yugoslavian Author's Society. On 1961, he was recommended by four nominators from Elizabeth Hill, Lennart Breitholtz, Johannes Edfelt and the aforementioned society which led to his awarding.[5]
In total, the Swedish Academy's Nobel Committee received 93 nominations for 56 authors such as Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, John Steinbeck (awarded in 1962), André Malraux, Graham Greene, Georges Simenon, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Robert Frost and Rómulo Gallegos. Fifteen of the nominees were nominated for the first time, among them Yasunari Kawabata (awarded in 1968), Gaston Bachelard, Cora Sandel, Jean Anouilh, Simone de Beauvoir, J. R. R. Tolkien, Lawrence Durrell, W. H. Auden and Friedrich Dürrenmatt. There were five female nominees namely Giulia Scappino Murena, Gertrud von le Fort, Karen Blixen, Cora Sandel and Simone de Beauvoir.[6]
The authors Jacques Stephen Alexis, Lucian Blaga, Joanna Cannan, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Mazo de la Roche, Hilda Doolittle, Frantz Fanon, Olga Forsh, Leonhard Frank, Simon Gantillon, Dashiell Hammett, Émile Henriot, George S. Kaufman, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Oliver Onions, Jessie Redmon Fauset, Mihail Sadoveanu, Peyami Safa, Frédéric-Louis Sauser (known as Blaise Cendrars), Clark Ashton Smith, Antanas Škėma, Dorothy Thompson and Maria Valtorta died in 1961 without having been nominated for the prize.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ivo Andrić (1892–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 2 | Jean Anouilh (1910–1987) | Шаблон:Flagu | drama, screenplay, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 3 | Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) | Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu |
poetry, essays, screenplay | Ernest Ludwig Stahl (1902–1992) |
| 4 | Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962) | Шаблон:Flagu | philosophy | Georges May (1920–2003) |
| 5 | Karen Blixen (1885–1962) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, memoir | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 6 | Maurice Bowra (1898–1971) | Шаблон:Flagu | history, essays, literary criticism, poetry | M. A. Oxon (?) |
| 7 | Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 8 | Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, drama, memoir, philosophy, essays, short story | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 9 | Michel de Ghelderode (1898–1962) | Шаблон:Flagu | drama, short story, essays | Eric Bentley (1916–2020) |
| 10 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism | Frederick Charles Green (1891–1964) |
| 11 | Lawrence Durrell (1912–1990) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, poetry, drama, essays | Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961) |
| 12 | Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–1990) | Шаблон:Flagu | drama, novel, short story, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 13 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | Johannes Andreasson Dale (1898–1975) |
| 14 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 15 | Robert Frost (1874–1963) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 16 | Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 17 | Armand Godoy (1880–1964) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flagu |
poetry, translation | Anna Hyatt Huntington (1876–1973) |
| 18 | Julien Gracq (1910–2007) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, poetry, drama, literary criticism | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 19 | Robert Graves (1895–1985) | Шаблон:Flagu | history, novel, poetry, literary criticism, essays | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 20 | Graham Greene (1904–1991) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 21 | Gunnar Gunnarsson (1889–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Stellan Arvidson (1902–1997) |
| 22 | Leslie Poles Hartley (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 23 | Adriaan Roland Holst (1888–1976) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 24 | Taha Hussein (1889–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 25 | Aldous Huxley (1894–1963) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, essays, poetry, screenplay, drama, philosophy | Jacques Barzun (1907–2012) |
| 26 | Pierre Jean Jouve (1887–1976) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry, novel, literary criticism | Francis James Carmody (1907–1982) |
| 27 | Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) | Шаблон:Flagu | philosophy, novel, memoir | August Closs (1898–1990) |
| 28 | Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 29 | Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, short story, novel, essays | Association of Writers of Yugoslavia |
| 30 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, essays, literary criticism | Claude Digeon (1920–2008) |
| 31 | William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, drama, essays | Karel van het Reve (1921–1999) |
| 32 | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, history | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 33 | Eugenio Montale (1896–1981) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry, translation | Michele De Filippis (1891–1975) |
| 34 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Anders Wedberg (1913–1978) |
| 35 | Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Francis James Carmody (1907–1982) |
| 36 | Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry, literary criticism | The Japanese Authors' Union |
| 37 | Seán O'Casey (1880–1964) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, memoir | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 38 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | Шаблон:Flagu | philosophy, essays, law | Nirmal Kumar Sidhanta (1929–2014) |
| 39 | Cora Sandel (1880–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Harald Ofstad (1920–1994) |
| 40 | Aksel Sandemose (1899–1965) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, essays | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 41 | Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flagu | philosophy, novel, drama, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 42 | Giulia Scappino Murena (1902–1967) | Шаблон:Flagu | poetry | Alfredo Galletti (1872–1962) |
| 43 | Giorgos Seferis (1900–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, memoir, essays | Файл:Nobel prize winner.svg Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) |
| 44 | Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | novel | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) |
| 45 | Ignazio Silone (1900–1978) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, essays, drama | Elias Wessén (1889–1981) |
| 46 | Georges Simenon (1903–1989) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, memoir | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 47 | Charles Percy Snow (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 48 | John Steinbeck (1902–1968) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 49 | Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story | The Japanese Authors' Union |
| 50 | John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, poetry, philology, essays, literary criticism | Clive Staples Lewis (1898–1963) |
| 51 | Miguel Torga (1907–1995) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, short story, novel, drama, autobiography | Hernâni Antonio Cidade (1887–1975) |
| 52 | Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 53 | Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, poetry, essays, translation | Jan Kamerbeek Jr. (1905–1977) |
| 54 | Gertrud von Le Fort (1876–1971) | Шаблон:Flagu | novel, short story, essays, poetry | Friedrich von der Leyen (1873–1966) |
| 55 | Arthur David Waley (1889–1966) | Шаблон:Flagu | translation, essays | Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1922–2013) |
| 56 | Edmund Wilson (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flagu | essays, literary criticism, short story, drama | Serge Konovalov (1899–1982) |
References
External links
- The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1961 nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961 nobelprize.org
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ivo Andric – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Nomination archive – Ivo Andric nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – Literature 1961 nobelprize.org
