Английская Википедия:1996 Iranian legislative election
Шаблон:Infobox election Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 March 1996, with a second round on 19 April.[1] The Combatant Clergy Association and its allies emerged as the largest bloc in the Majlis, winning 110 of the 270 seats.[1]
Electoral system
The constitution approved in a December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Jews, Zorastrians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians and Chaldeans.[2]
The elections were conducted using a two-round system, with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates required an absolute majority to win a seat in the first round, and plurality to win in the second round.[2] However, in this election, minimum percentages for candidates to be elected in first round was lowered to 33.33% (one-third of votes).
Campaign
A total of 3,726 candidates contested the elections, including around 326 women.[2] 145 seats were won in the first round of voting.[3]
Main groups contesting in the elections were:[4]
- Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Aligned Organizations ('traditional' right-wing)
- Executives of Construction Party ('modern' right-wing)
- Association for Defence of Revolution Values ('neocon' right-wing)
- Association of Combatant Clerics ('traditional' left-wing)
- Coalition of Imam's Line groups ('radical' left-wing)
15 Freedom Movement members presented themselves as candidates and only 4 of them made it through initial vetting, 3 of whom were excluded before polling day. The organization announced its intention to withdraw from the election. The election was boycotted by the National Front and Nation Party.[5]
Results
Both conservatives and reformers claimed a 70 percent majority after the first round and also claimed independents as supporters.[6]
- Salam newspaper
According to Salam, Executives of Construction and Imam's Line Groups won shared 120 parliamentary seats.[7]
- Adelkhah (1999)
| Faction | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Right | 90 to 100 | ||
| Executives of Construction | 70 to 80 | ||
| Left | about 40 | ||
| Source: Adelkhah[8] | |||
- Nohlen et al (2001)
- In the following table, the Independents are counted as "allies".
| Party | Seats | +/– | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combatant Clergy Association and allies | 110 | –40 | ||
| Combatant Clerics of Tehran and allies | 80 | +80 | ||
| Executives of Construction Party and allies | 80 | New | ||
| Total | 270 | 0 | ||
| Source: Nohlen et al.[1] | ||||
- Kazemzadeh (2008)
| Faction | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Right-wing hardliners | 150 | ||
| Rafsanjani and Executives of Construction | 15–60 | ||
| Left-wing coalition of Imam's Line | 30 | ||
| Independents | 30 | ||
| Total | 270 | ||
| Source: Kazemzadeh[9] | |||
Aftermath
The newly elected members of Majlis met for the first time on 1 June.[3] Ali Akbar Nateq-Nouri remained in Speaker position until 2000 after he received 11 more votes than Abdullah Nouri (also a cleric).
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Iran IPU
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Elections held in 1996 IPU
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: The National Kargozaran-Sazandegi Party; political view, its leaders, branches, and participation in any election in Iran (1998), 19 February 2002, IRN38586.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4be498.html [accessed 10 June 2016]
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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