Английская Википедия:1 Chronicles 24

1 Chronicles 24 is the twenty-fourth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Шаблон:Sfn This chapter records the organization and departments of priests (verses 1–19) and a list of non-priestly Levites (verses 20–31).Шаблон:Sfn The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30),Шаблон:Sfn which from chapter 22 to the end does not have any parallel in 2 Samuel.Шаблон:Sfn

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 31 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Шаблон:Sfn

Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>^Q; 6th century).Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn

Шаблон:Anchor David organizes the priests (24:1–19)

This section details the organization of the priests, the highest branch of the Levites, in a more advanced and systematic manner than anywhere else in the Hebrew Bible and was adhered rigidly until the Roman period (cf. Luke 1:5).Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Lists of the priestly families also found partially in 1 Chronicles 9:10–Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse.^[1]

Verse 1

Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.^[2]

Among the four sons of Aaron (Шаблон:Bibleverse), Nadab and Abihu died without children (verse 2); and the other two had to supply the "chief men of the house," of which Eleazar had sixteen, and Ithamar eight (verse 4).^[3]

Verse 3

And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service.^[4]

Of the two priestly families (1 Chronicles 15:11; Шаблон:Bibleverse-nb; Шаблон:Bibleverse-nb; cf. Шаблон:Bibleverse), Zadok represented the family of Eleazar, and Ahimelech represented the family of Ithamar,Шаблон:Sfn to help David organizing the priests.Шаблон:Sfn The Chronicler emphasizes the equal treatment of the two groups in the passage (cf 24:31; 26:13) using a procedure of drawing lots (verse 5), also in 1 Chronicles (24:31; 25:8; 26:13) and elsewhere (for examples. Nehemiah 10:35), to indicate God's hand in the distribution of the personnel.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:AnchorList of the priestly divisions

Шаблон:Main

Verse	Division !	English name	Hebrew name	Greek name	Note
Шаблон:Bibleverse	1st	Jehoiarib	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	1 Chronicles 9:10.^[1] In Talmud Arakhin 11b Rabbi Yosei ben Halafta states that when Solomon's Temple was burnt on the ninth of Ab [586 BCE] the 'priestly guard' was of Jehoiarib division, and they were singing Psalm 94, but only to the first half of Шаблон:Bibleverse (until "their own wickedness") before 'the enemies came and overwhelmed them'.^[5] Mattathias ben Johanan was a descendant of Jehoiarib according to Шаблон:Bibleverse.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Bibleverse	2nd	Jedaiah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	1 Chronicles 9:10;^[1] one fragment of Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q325; "Mishmarot D") mentions: The beginning of the se[cond] month is [on the si]xth [day] of the course of Jedaiah. On the second of the month is the Sabbath of the course of Harim....Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Bibleverse	3rd	Harim	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 10:5; Nehemiah 12:15, possibly "Rehum" in Nehemiah 12:3;^[1] one fragment of Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q325; "Mishmarot D") mentions: The beginning of the se[cond] month is [on the si]xth [day] of the course of Jedaiah. On the second of the month is the Sabbath of the course of Harim....Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Bibleverse	4th	Seorim	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Meaning "barley" or "bearded"; Latin: Barbatus.^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	5th	Malchijah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 10:3, Nehemiah 12:42; other mentions: 1 Chronicles 9:12, Nehemiah 11:12; Jeremiah 21:1; Jeremiah 38:1.^[3] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7] Another Malchijah, an Israelitish layman, was in Nehemiah 3:11 and Ezra 10:25.^[3]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	6th	Mijamin	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 10:7; Nehemiah 12:5; "Minjamin" in Nehemiah 12:17^[1] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Bibleverse	7th	Hakkoz	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Ezra 2:61; Nehemiah 3:4, 21.^[1] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Bibleverse	8th	Abijah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 10:7; Nehemiah 12:4, 17. Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, was of the course of Abijah (Luke 1:5; also spelled as "Abia").^[1] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	9th	Jeshua	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Ezra 3:2; Ezra 5:2.^[1]This Hebrew name is rendered as Шаблон:Lang in Greek, and as "Jesus" in English.^[1] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	10th	Shecaniah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 12:3;^[1] possibly "Shebaniah" in Nehemiah 10:4, Nehemiah 12:14.^[1] also in 1 Chronicles 3:21^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	11th	Eliashib	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 13:4-7;^[1] also 1 Chronicles 3:24.^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	12th	Jakim	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Equivalent to Eliakim and Jecamiah (1 Chronicles 8:19).^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	13th	Huppah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Another use as "covering, canopy" in Isaiah 4:5; probably the same as "Huppim" in 1 Chronicles 7:12.^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	14th	Jeshebeab	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Spelled in LXX as Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, Eshbaal, "man of Baal"; Vulgate has "Isbaab."^[6] Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.^[7]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	15th	Bilgah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 12:5;^[1] "Bilgai" in Nehemiah 10:8^[1]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	16th	Immer	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	1 Chronicles 9:12; Ezra 2:37; Jeremiah 20:1.^[1]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	17th	Hezir	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Шаблон:Sfn Mentioned as a name of a layman in Nehemiah 10:20.^[3]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	18th	Happizzez	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Шаблон:Sfn Spelled in LXX as Шаблон:Lang, in Vulgate as "Aphses;" in Syriac and Arabic as "Phasin."^[6]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	19th	Pethahiah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Ezra 10:23; Nehemiah 9:5^[1] Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Bibleverse	20th	Jehezkel	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Bibleverse	21st	Jachin	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	1 Chronicles 9:10; Nehemiah 11:10^[1] Other mentions: Genesis 46:10; 1 Kings 7:21. The same name as Jehoiachin.^[6] probably "Achim" in Matthew 1:14^[3]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	22nd	Gamul	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Another use as "weaned" in Isaiah 11:8.^[6]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	23rd	Delaiah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	1 Chronicles 3:24; Nehemiah 6:10; Nehemiah 7:62; Ezra 2:60.; spelled with the addition of a shurek (Шаблон:Lang) in Jeremiah 36:12, 25.^[3]
Шаблон:Bibleverse	24th	Maaziah	Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	Nehemiah 10:8;^[1] probably "Maadiah" in Nehemiah 12:5.^[6]

Шаблон:Anchor Remaining Levite assignments (24:20–31)

This section contains the list of Levites which overlaps with the one in Шаблон:Bibleverse. The Levites had similar rotation schedule as the priests (verse 31),Шаблон:Sfn and used the same system of drawing lots as the priests with almost the same witnesses, indicating that the Levites are considered as important as the priests.Шаблон:Sfn

Document witnesses for priestly divisions

Josephus wrote that David divided the Levites into twenty-four courses, sixteen of the house of Eleazar and eight of the house of Ithamar and he ordained each course to minister eight days, from Sabbath to Sabbath (Antiquities Шаблон:Ws).^[8]

Babylonian Talmud has a statement by Rabbi Hama ben Guria that "Moses instituted for Israel eight Mishmaroth ("priestly divisions")—four from [the family of] Eleazar and four from [the family of] Ithamar; Samuel increased them to sixteen; David increased them to twenty four" (Taanith 27a).^[5]

After the Temple destruction in 70 CE, there was a custom of publicly recalling the courses of the priests every Sabbath, a practice that reinforced the prestige of the priests' lineage.^[9] A manuscript discovered in the Cairo Geniza, dated 1034 CE, records a customary formula recited weekly in the synagogues, during the Sabbath day:

"Today is the holy Sabbath, the holy Sabbath unto the Lord; this day, which is the course? [Appropriate name] is the course. May the Merciful One return the course to its place soon, in our days. Amen."^[10]

After which, they would recount the number of years that have passed since the destruction of Jerusalem, and conclude with the words:

"May the Merciful One build his house and sanctuary, and let them say Amen."

Three stone inscriptions were discovered bearing the names of the priestly wards, their order and the name of the locality to which they had moved after the destruction of the Second Temple:

1. In 1920, a marble stone inscription was found in Ashkelon showing a partial list of the priestly wards, attesting to the existence of such plaques, perhaps mounted to the walls of synagogues.

Шаблон:Anchor

2. In 1962 three small fragments of one Hebrew stone inscription, dated to the 3rd/4th centuries, were found in Caesarea Maritima, bearing the partial names of places associated with the priestly courses (the rest of which had been reconstructed) as follows:Шаблон:Sfn^[11]

The 17th course Hezir Ma]mliah
The 18th course Hapizzez Nazareth
The 19th course Pethahia Akhlah Arab
The 20th course Ezekiel Mi]gdal Nunaiya

This is the oldest inscription mentioning Nazareth as a location, outside the Bible and pilgrim notes.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Anchor

3. In 1970 a stone inscription was found on a partially buried column in a mosque, in the Yemeni village of Bayt al-Ḥaḍir, showing ten names of the priestly wards and their respective towns and villages. The Yemeni inscription is the longest roster of names of this sort ever discovered, unto this day. The names legible on the stone column discovered by Walter W. Müller read as follows:^[12]

English Translation	Original Hebrew
[Se'orim 'Ayṯoh-lo], fourth ward	Шаблон:Lang
[Malkiah, Beṯ]-Lehem, the fif[th] ward	Шаблон:Lang
Miyamin, Yudfaṯ (Jotapata), the sixth ward	Шаблон:Lang
[Haqo]ṣ, 'Ailebu, the seventh ward	Шаблон:Lang
Aviah 'Iddo, Kefar 'Uzziel, the (eighth) ward	Шаблон:Lang
the eighth (ward). Yešūa', Nišdaf-arbel	Шаблон:Lang
the ninth ward	Шаблон:Lang
Šekhaniyahu, 'Avurah Cabūl, the t[enth] ward	Шаблон:Lang
Eliašīv, Cohen Qanah, the elev[enth] ward	Шаблон:Lang
Yaqīm Pašḥūr, Ṣefaṯ (Safed), the Шаблон:Not a typo[th] ward	Шаблон:Lang
[Ḥū]ppah, Beṯ-Ma'on, the (thirteenth) ward	Шаблон:Lang
the thirteenth (ward). Yešav'av, Ḥuṣpiṯ Šuḥīn	Шаблон:Lang
the fourteenth wa[rd]	Шаблон:Lang

A seventh-century poet, Eleazar ben Killir, wrote a liturgical poem detailing the 24-priestly wards and their places of residence.^[13] Historian and geographer, Samuel Klein (1886–1940), thinks that Killir's poem proves the prevalence of this custom of commemorating the courses in the synagogues of the Land of Israel.^[14]

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Jewish translations:
- Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 24 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- First Book of Chronicles Chapter 24. Bible Gateway

Шаблон:First Book of Chronicles

↑ ^1,00 ^1,01 ^1,02 ^1,03 ^1,04 ^1,05 ^1,06 ^1,07 ^1,08 ^1,09 ^1,10 ^1,11 ^1,12 ^1,13 ^1,14 ^1,15 ^1,16 ^1,17 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Chronicles 24. Accessed 28 April 2019.
↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 ^3,5 Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Chronicles 24". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein, translator. "The Babylonian Talmud". The Soncino Press. New York, 1990; apud Torahcalendar.com.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 ^6,3 ^6,4 ^6,5 ^6,6 ^6,7 ^6,8 ^6,9 Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 24. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
↑ ^7,00 ^7,01 ^7,02 ^7,03 ^7,04 ^7,05 ^7,06 ^7,07 ^7,08 ^7,09 ^7,10 Urbach 1973, pp. 304–327
↑ Whiston, William. "The Work of Josephus", p. 208; apud "The 24 Priestly Courses" at Torahcalendar.com.
↑ Robert Bonfil, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, Brill: Leiden 2012, p. 42 Шаблон:ISBN
↑ Bodleian Library, Oxford Ms. Heb. 2738/6, fol. 899 in Vardaman, E. Jerry and Garrett, J.L., The Teacher's Yoke, Waco TX 1964
↑ Шаблон:Cite journal (Hebrew)
↑ Urbach, Ephraim E., Mishmarot u-maʻamadot, Tarbiz (A Quarterly for Jewish Studies) 42, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 304 – 327 (Hebrew); Rainer Degen, An Inscription of the Twenty-Four Priestly Courses from the Yemen, pub. in: Tarbiẕ - A Quarterly for Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 302–303
↑ Poem entitled, Lamentation for the 9th of Ab, composed in twenty-four stanzas, and the last line of each stanza contains the name of the village where each priestly family lived.
↑ Samuel Klein, Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priester Abteilungen (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas, Leipzig 1909

[cambridgebible-1] 1,00 ^1,01 ^1,02 ^1,03 ^1,04 ^1,05 ^1,06 ^1,07 ^1,08 ^1,09 ^1,10 ^1,11 ^1,12 ^1,13 ^1,14 ^1,15 ^1,16 ^1,17 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Chronicles 24. Accessed 28 April 2019.

[2] Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV

[pulpit-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 ^3,5 Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Chronicles 24". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.

[4] Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV

[epstein-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein, translator. "The Babylonian Talmud". The Soncino Press. New York, 1990; apud Torahcalendar.com.

[ellicott-6] 6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 ^6,3 ^6,4 ^6,5 ^6,6 ^6,7 ^6,8 ^6,9 Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 24. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.

[urbach-7] 7,00 ^7,01 ^7,02 ^7,03 ^7,04 ^7,05 ^7,06 ^7,07 ^7,08 ^7,09 ^7,10 Urbach 1973, pp. 304–327

[8] Whiston, William. "The Work of Josephus", p. 208; apud "The 24 Priestly Courses" at Torahcalendar.com.

[9] Robert Bonfil, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, Brill: Leiden 2012, p. 42 Шаблон:ISBN

[10] Bodleian Library, Oxford Ms. Heb. 2738/6, fol. 899 in Vardaman, E. Jerry and Garrett, J.L., The Teacher's Yoke, Waco TX 1964

[11] Шаблон:Cite journal (Hebrew)

[12] Urbach, Ephraim E., Mishmarot u-maʻamadot, Tarbiz (A Quarterly for Jewish Studies) 42, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 304 – 327 (Hebrew); Rainer Degen, An Inscription of the Twenty-Four Priestly Courses from the Yemen, pub. in: Tarbiẕ - A Quarterly for Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 302–303

[13] Poem entitled, Lamentation for the 9th of Ab, composed in twenty-four stanzas, and the last line of each stanza contains the name of the village where each priestly family lived.

[14] Samuel Klein, Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priester Abteilungen (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas, Leipzig 1909

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Английская Википедия:1 Chronicles 24

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