Английская Википедия:1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Expand Serbian Шаблон:Infobox summit meeting
Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement (Шаблон:Lang-sh-Cyrl-Latn, Шаблон:Lang-mk, Шаблон:Lang-sl) on 1–6 September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia was the first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.[1] A major contributing factor to the organization of the conference was the process of decolonization of a number of African countries in the 1960s.[1] Some therefore called it the ″Third World's Yalta″ in reference to 1945 Yalta Conference.[1]
Twenty-five countries in total participated in Belgrade Conference, while 3 countries, Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador, were observers.[2] The preparatory meeting of Non-Aligned Countries took place earlier that year in Cairo June 5–12, 1961.[3] One of the issues was division of the newly independent countries over the Congo Crisis which led to a rift and creation of the conservative and anti-radical Brazzaville Group and radical nationalist Casablanca Group.[1] All members of the Casablanca Group attended the conference, including Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Morocco and the United Arab Republic, while none of the Brazzaville Group was present.[1] The summit was followed by the 2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Cairo in 1964. The 1962 Cairo Conference on the Problems of Developing Countries was a direct follow-up of the Belgrade Summit at which Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Senegal and Yugoslavia will work on preparation for the upcoming UNCTAD conference of the ECOSOC.[4]
The Conference
Brijuni Islands, an archipelago in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, were initially considered to host the summit after they hosted the Brioni Meeting of 1956, yet the City of Belgrade was ultimately selected due to Brijuni's insufficient venues and concentration of the international communication and media facilities in the capital city of Yugoslavia.[5]
Vladimir Popović was the head of the Yugoslav State Committee for the Preparation of the Conference. The conference brought together 25 independent states. In addition to them, there were three states that had observer status, eleven socialist parties, trade unions from Japan and four other organizations. Socio-economic differences between participants were great and from the beginning participating states often showed different interests. Yugoslavia attached special importance to Latin American countries participation. The participation of these countries, along with the representatives of Europe, should have given the conference the character of a gathering where all parts of the world are represented, and avoid reduction to Afro-Asian meeting as it was case with some meetings before.
President Tito only partially succeeded bringing together all parts of the world to the conference. From Latin America, only Cuba was a full participant, while Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador had observer status. The reason for that was the inability of these states to resist some pressure from the United States which wanted to preserve its role in the Western Hemisphere. The representatives of Yugoslavia were especially disappointed with Mexico's last minute cancelation. Of the European countries, only Cyprus and Yugoslavia as a host participated in the meeting.
The conference was followed by 1,016 journalists of which 690 were from abroad from 53 different countries and with the New York Times' Paul Hofmann describing the event as a "paradise for cameramen".[6] Together, four Indian newspapers (The Times of India, The Hindu Madras, Indian Express and The Patriot) and four American newspapers (The New York Times, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times and The Christian Science Monitor) published 177,265 words about the conference in 7 days before, during and 7 days after the conference.[6]
Participants
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Шаблон:Flagicon Benyoucef Benkhedda, Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
- Шаблон:Flagicon U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma
- Шаблон:Flagicon Norodom Sihanouk, Chief of State of Cambodia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon
- Шаблон:Flagicon Cyrille Adoula, Prime Minister of Congo-Léopoldville and Antoine Gizenga, Deputy Prime Minister
- Шаблон:Flagicon Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba
- Шаблон:Flagicon Makarios III, President of Cyprus
- Шаблон:Flagicon Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana
- Шаблон:Flagicon Louis Lansana Beavogui, Foreign Minister of Guinea
- Шаблон:Flagicon Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
- Шаблон:Flagicon Sukarno, President of Indonesia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Hashem Jawad, Foreign Minister of Iraq
- Шаблон:Flagicon Saeb Salam, Prime Minister of Lebanon
- Шаблон:Flagicon Modibo Keïta, President of Mali
- Шаблон:Flagicon Hassan II, King of Morocco
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mahendra, King of Nepal
- Шаблон:Flagicon Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel, Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Aden Adde, President of Somalia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan
- Шаблон:Flagicon Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia
- Шаблон:Flagicon Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the United Arab Republic
- Шаблон:Flagicon Prince Seif el Islam el Hassan, Prime Minister of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
- Шаблон:Flagicon Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia
Observers
- Шаблон:Flagicon José Fellman, Minister of Education of Bolivia and Jorge Gutierrez Allendrebe, minister plenipotentiary
- Шаблон:Flagicon Franco Filho de Mello, Brazilian Ambassador to Switzerland
- Шаблон:Flagicon Jose Joaquin Silva, Ecuadorian Ambassador to West Germany
Guests
- Шаблон:Flagicon Robert Ford[7]
- Шаблон:Flagicon George F. Kennan[7]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Michael Creswell[7]
See also
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- 50th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting
- 60th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting
References
External links
Шаблон:Non-Aligned Movement Summits Шаблон:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia
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