Английская Википедия:2010 Lombard regional election
Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:Politics of Lombardy The 2010 Lombard regional election took place on 28–29 March 2010. The 9th term of the Regional Council was chosen.
Roberto Formigoni, who was the longest-serving President of Region in Italy along with Giancarlo Galan of Veneto, obtained a historic fourth consecutive term. His opponent was Filippo Penati, a Democrat, who was President of the Province of Milan from 2004 to 2009.[1] The Lombard League, that is to say the regional section of Northern League in Lombardy, backed Formigoni in return of the support granted by The People of Freedom to Northern League candidates in Veneto (Luca Zaia) and Piedmont (Roberto Cota).
Minor candidates who were running were Savino Pezzotta for the Union of the Centre,[2] Vito Crimi for Beppe Grillo's movement,[3] Vittorio Agnoletto for the Communist Refoundation Party and Gianmario Invernizzi for New Force. Marco Cappato for the Italian Radicals did not gain enough signatures to back his candidature.[4]
Electoral system
Regional elections in Lombardy were ruled by the "Tatarella law" (approved in 1995), which provided for a mixed electoral system: four fifths of the regional councilors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation, using the largest remainder method with a droop quota and open lists, while the residual votes and the unassigned seats were grouped into a "single regional constituency", where the whole ratios and the highest remainders were divided with the Hare method among the provincial party lists; one fifth of the council seats instead was reserved for regional lists and assigned with a majoritarian system: the leader of the regional list that scored the highest number of votes was elected to the presidency of the Region while the other candidates were elected regional councilors.
A threshold of 3% had been established for the provincial lists, which, however, could still have entered the regional council if the regional list to which they were connected had scored at least 5% of valid votes.
The panachage was also allowed: the voter can indicate a candidate for the presidency but prefer a provincial list connected to another candidate.
Council apportionment
According to the official 2001 Italian census, the 64 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation are so distributed between Lombard provinces.
| BG | BS | CO | CR | LC | LO | MN | MI | MB | PV | SO | VA | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 64 |
The allocation is not fixed. Remaining seats and votes after proportional distribution, are all grouped at regional level and divided by party lists. The consequent division of these seats at provincial level usually change the original apportionment. Only 43 seats were directly assigned at provincial level, and the final distribution between provinces changed in this way.
| BG | BS | CO | CR | LC | LO | MN | MI | PV | SO | VA | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | +2 | = | = | +1 | = | = | +2 | -1 | +1 | = | +7 |
As it can be seen, the landslide victory of Formigoni's Alliance caused the distribution of seven more seats to the oppositions at provincial level. Bergamo and Brescia received two new seats, Lecco and Milan and Sondrio one each.
Controversies on Formigoni's candidature
Formigoni's candidature, which allowed him a 4th mandate, has been contested by academics and left-wing politicians, as in disregard of Law n. 165/2004, that put a limit of two subsequent mandates to directly-elected Region Presidents. Formigoni was indirectly elected in 1995, but then directly elected in 2000 and 2005. He defends himself stating that the law was not in action when he was first directly elected in 2000, so he should be allowed a 4th mandate. After re-election, his mandate may be overturned by judges later on.[5][6]
Formigoni also sparked controversies when agreeing to put in his majority-premium list, granting her safe election, Nicole Minetti, former showgirl and actual dental hygienist of Silvio Berlusconi, who asked for a political seat for her.Шаблон:Citation needed
Parties and candidates
Results
The election led to the return to the guide of the Region, for its fourth consecutive term, Communion and Liberation's Roberto Formigoni, supported by the centre-right coalition.
If the mechanisms of electoral law generated a Regional Council very similar to the incumbent one speaking about coalitions, the most relevant change was the five new seats conquered by the League, which obtained its best performance ever. More, the League was strangely penalized by the electoral law, having conquered fewer seats than as it would be with a proportional representation.
The People of Freedom was confirmed as the largest party in the region with 32% of the vote, despite a decline of three points, while Lega Nord took the 26% and Democratic Party the 23%.
| Candidates | Votes | % | Seats | Parties | Votes | % | Seat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan=5 bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Roberto Formigoni | 2,704,364 | 56.11 | 8 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | The People of Freedom | 1,355,133 | 31.79 | 23 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Northern League – Lombard League | 1,117,227 | 26.21 | 18 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | The Right | 7,008 | 0.16 | – | |||||
| Total | 2,479,368 | 58.16 | 41 | ||||||
| rowspan=8 bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Filippo Penati | 1,603,666 | 33.27 | 1 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Democratic Party | 976,215 | 22.90 | 21 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Italy of Values | 267,954 | 6.29 | 4 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Pensioners' Party | 69,932 | 1.64 | 1 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Left Ecology Freedom | 59,112 | 1.39 | 1 | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Federation of the Greens | 35,060 | 0.82 | – | |||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Italian Socialist Party | 13,415 | 0.31 | – | |||||
| Total | 1,421,688 | 33.35 | 27 | ||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Savino Pezzotta | 225,849 | 4.69 | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Union of the Centre | 164,078 | 3.85 | 3 |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Vito Crimi | 144,585 | 3.00 | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Five Star Movement | 99,390 | 2.33 | – |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Vittorio Agnoletto | 113,754 | 2.36 | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Federation of the Left | 87,221 | 2.05 | – |
| Gianmario Invernizzi | 27,358 | 0.57 | – | New Force | 11,281 | 0.26 | – | ||
| Total candidates | 4,819,576 | 100.00 | 9 | Total parties | 4,263,026 | 100.00 | 71 | ||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior – Historical Archive of Elections | |||||||||
Results by province
| Province | Roberto Formigoni | Filippo Penati | Savino Pezzotta | Vito Crimi | Vittorio Agnoletto | Gianmario Invernizzi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| | |
| Milan | 741,051 (50.25%) | 585,722 (39.72%) | 50,421 (3.42%) |
48,979 (3.32%) |
41,376 (2.81%) |
7,252 (0.49%) |
| Brescia | 362,187 (58.96%) | 178,958 (29.13%) | 37,565 (6.11%) |
19,215 (3.13%) |
12,106 (1.97%) |
4,310 (0.70%) |
| Bergamo | 340,527 (61.91%) | 145,273 (26.41%) | 36,720 (6.68%) |
14,777 (2.69%) |
10,096 (1.84%) |
2,672 (0.49%) |
| Varese | 259,496 (60.51%) | 125,111 (29.17%) | 20,159 (4.70%) |
12,748 (2.97%) |
8,926 (2.08%) |
2,421 (0.56%) |
| Monza and Brianza | 240,858 (56.32%) | 144,246 (33.73%) | 17,802 (4.16%) |
14,788 (3.46%) |
7,815 (1.83%) |
2,117 (0.50%) |
| Como | 183,765 (63.41%) | 79,757 (27.37%) |
12,657 (4.34%) |
6,490 (2.23%) |
5,599 (1.92%) |
2,104 (0.72%) |
| Pavia | 156,750 (57.12%) | 88,690 (32.32%) |
11,715 (4.27%) |
7,483 (2.73%) |
7,829 (2.85%) |
1,964 (0.72%) |
| Mantua | 100,135 (49.81%) | 77,311 (38.46%) |
10,574 (5.26%) |
6,698 (3.33%) |
5,638 (2.80%) |
663 (0.33%) |
| Cremona | 99,463 (54.15%) |
63,213 (34.42%) |
9,520 (5.18%) |
4,978 (2.71%) |
5,164 (2.81%) |
1,333 (0.73%) |
| Lecco | 100,897 (57.38%) | 57,861 (32.91%) |
8,293 (4.72%) |
4,163 (2.37%) |
3,808 (2.17%) |
795 (0.45%) |
| Lodi | 59,619 (53.80%) |
37,837 (34.14%) |
5,451 (4.92%) |
2,873 (2.59%) |
3,633 (3.28%) |
1,402 (1.27%) |
| Sondrio | 58,634 (67.57%) |
19,687 (22.69%) |
4,972 (5.73%) |
1,393 (1.61%) |
1,764 (2.03%) |
325 (0.37%) |
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Vito Crimi's blog (it.) Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Cappato's nomination for Radicals (it.)Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Vittorio Angiolini, professore ordinario di Diritto costituzionale dell'Università di Milano; Margherita Raveraira, Università di Perugia Il limite del doppio mandato alla immediata rielezione del Presidente della giunta regionale: una questione complessa Шаблон:Webarchive, Federalismi.it
- ↑ Michele Ainis, La terza via di Errani e Formigoni Шаблон:Webarchive, La Stampa, 25 gennaio 2010
