Английская Википедия:2016 Australian census

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox census The 2016 Australian census was the 17th national population census held in Australia.[1] The census was officially conducted with effect on Tuesday, 9 August 2016. The total population of the Commonwealth of Australia was counted as 23 401 892 – an increase of 8.8 per cent or 1 894 175 people over the Шаблон:CensusAU.[2] Norfolk Island joined the census for the first time in 2016, adding 1,748 to the population.

The ABS annual report revealed that $24 million in additional expenses accrued due to the outage on the census website.[3]

Results from the 2016 census were available to the public on 11 April 2017, from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website, two months earlier than for any previous census. The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017.[4][5] Australia's next census took place in 2021.

Scope

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) states the aim of the 2016 Australian census is "to count every person who spent Census night, 9 August 2016, in Australia."[6]

The census covers every Australian state and mainland territory, as well as the external territories of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island. It does not include the other external territories of Australia. People who leave Australia but do not go through migration formalities are included, counted as part of an "Off-Shore Statistical Areas Level 1" in Tasmania. This includes those on oil and gas rigs near Australia and those at the Australian bases of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Visitors to Australia are included, regardless of how long they are staying for, however those who have been in the country less than a year answer fewer questions on the census. People who enter Australia but do not go through migration formalities are excluded. This includes those on ships in Australian waters that remain on the ship at port. Foreign diplomats and their families or those who travel on a diplomatic passport are excluded, as per the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Those on vessels between Australian ports, or planes between Australian airports are included.[6]

All private dwellings are counted. Caravans in caravan parks and manufactured homes in manufactured home estates are counted if they are occupied. Non-private dwellings are included if they are occupied. This includes hotels, hospitals and prisons. Non occupied residences of owners, managers or caretakers are included and unoccupied, self contained residences in retirement villages are included.[6]

Collection methods

The 2016 census had a response rate of 95.1% and a net undercount of 1.0%, with 63% of people completing the Census online.[7]

In the period leading up to census date the Australian Government decided that the retention period for names and addresses would be increased to up to four years, from 18 months in the 2006 and 2011 censuses, leading to concerns about privacy and data security. As such, some Australian Senate crossbenchers (from the Greens, Nick Xenophon Team and Jacqui Lambie Network) said they would not complete those specific sections of the census,[8] despite the fines associated with incorrect completion of the census.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics the first release of census data became available to the public on the ABS website on 11 April 2017, two months earlier than for any previous census. The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017.[9]

Online

Файл:Census in Australia 2016, ABS website error.png
ABS website message after the 2016 online census was shut down

For the first time, the ABS significantly favoured internet submission of census forms over the traditional paper forms, claiming it expected more than 65% of Australians would complete the census online.[10] Reflecting this new preference, the tagline of the ad campaign for the census was the rhyming slogan "Get online on August 9".[11][12] Across many regions, paper forms were no longer delivered by default to homes, and households that wished to complete a paper census had to order such forms via an automated hotline. Letters were sent to each dwelling with unique code numbers that people would need to either login to the census website, or order a paper form if they preferred.[13] By census night, many households had still not received such a letter.[14] Contrary to previous years where censuses were both delivered and retrieved from households by dedicated census employees, in 2016 most of the paperwork relating to the census was delivered from and to the ABS by Australia Post.

The 2016 census was met by a significant controversy, which meant that many Australians could not complete the census online on the designated census day.[15] The ABS census website shut down at about 7:30 pm AEST on the night the census was to be completed. According to the ABS, throughout 9 August the census website received four denial-of-service attacks. At 7:30 pm, when the site was being heavily used, a software failure meant that the ABS was unable to keep blocking the denial-of-service attacks, leading to the failure of a router. As a result, the ABS decided to close down the system as a precaution. The 15th Chief Statistician, David Kalisch stated that no census data were compromised.[16][17][18] The Australian Signals Directorate assisted the ABS to bring the infrastructure back online more than 24 hours after the closure.[19][20][21] The census website was restored at 2:30 pm on 11 August.[22]

On the same day Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull stated his unhappiness over the event, which had "been a failure of the ABS", with his expectation that "heads will roll" once a review was complete.[23] Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten said that the 2016 census had been the "worst-run ... in the history of Australia".[24] The ABS blamed service provider IBM for the failure in the online census, saying that IBM had advised on the preparedness and resilience to DDoS attacks and had not offered any further protections that could be employed.[25] On 31 August, Parliament initiated an inquiry into the 2016 census.[26][27] It released its findings on 24 November and found that no individual party was responsible but it was shared between the government, IBM, and the sub-contractors.[28] Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has confirmed that IBM made a "very substantial financial settlement" with the Commonwealth as compensation for the failure of the 2016 online Census.[29]

The census forms were able to be submitted online until 23 September. Once collection was complete, the ABS issued an announcement which confirmed that in spite of the initial online problems, there was a preliminary response rate of more than 96%. This consisted of 4.9 million (over 58%) online submissions and 3.5 million paper forms. The preliminary response rate was similar to the previous two census response rates of 95.8% in 2006 and 96.5% in 2011.[30]

An independent panel established by the Australian Statistician to quality assure the data from the 2016 census found it was fit for purpose, comparable to previous Australian and international censuses and can be used with confidence.[31][32] Шаблон:Blockquote

Census questions

The Census form had 51 questions relating to the characteristics of individuals, plus an extra nine questions relating to households. Of the sixty questions, the following two questions were optional:[33]

  • What is the person's religion?
  • Does each person agree to his/her name and address and other information on this form being kept by the National Archives of Australia and then made publicly available after 99 years?

Population and dwellings

The population counts for Australian states and territories were that New South Wales remains the most populous state, with 7,480,228 people counted, ahead of Victoria (5,926,624) and Queensland (4,703,193). Australian Capital Territory (ACT) experienced the largest population growth of any state or territory over the past five years, with an increase of 11.2% while Tasmania had the smallest growth at 3.0% since the last census in 2011.[34] Persons count based on place of usual residence on Census night.

States and territories Male Female Total % change
Шаблон:Flagg New South Wales 3 686 014 3 794 217 7 480 228 Шаблон:Increase 8.1%
Шаблон:Flagg Victoria 2 908 077 3 018 549 5 926 624 Шаблон:Increase 10.7%
Шаблон:Flagg Queensland 2 321 889 2 381 308 4 703 193 Шаблон:Increase 8.6%
Шаблон:Flagg Western Australia 1 238 419 1 235 994 2 474 410 Шаблон:Increase 10.5%
Шаблон:Flagg South Australia 825 997 850 652 1 676 653 Шаблон:Increase 5.0%
Шаблон:Flagg Tasmania 249 478 260 482 509 965 Шаблон:Increase 3.0%
Шаблон:Flagg Australian Capital Territory 195 739 201 653 397 397 Шаблон:Increase11.2%
Шаблон:Flagg Northern Territory 118 570 110 266 228 833 Шаблон:Increase 8.0%
External Territories
Шаблон:Flagg Christmas Island 1,130 712 1,843 Шаблон:Decrease
Шаблон:Flagg Norfolk Island 819 930 1,748 Шаблон:Decrease
Шаблон:Flagg Cocos (Keeling) Islands 268 273 544 Шаблон:Decrease
Шаблон:Flagg Jervis Bay Territory 216 172 391 Шаблон:Increase
Шаблон:Flagicon Commonwealth of Australia 11 546 638 11 855 248 23 401 892 Шаблон:Increase 8.8%
Source:[35][36][34] External territories[37][38][39][40]

"Other Territories"

The inclusion of Norfolk Island in Other Territories was new for 2016, following an amendment to the Acts Interpretation Act, 1901. In the 2016 Census, there were 1,748 people, compared with a population of 1,796 in 2011 (Norfolk Island Government Census). Of these 46.8% were male and 53.2% were female. The enumeration of Norfolk Island was an area of special attention for the ABS.

Age

Age 2016 Census
Number Percentage
Median age 38
    0–4 years 1,464,779 6.3%
    5–9 years 1,502,646 6.4%
    10–14 years 1,397,183 6.0%
    15–19 years 1,421,595 6.1%
    20–24 years 1,566,793 6.7%
    25–29 years 1,664,602 7.1%
    30–34 years 1,703,847 7.3%
    35–39 years 1,561,679 6.7%
    40–44 years 1,583,257 6.8%
    45–49 years 1,581,455 6.8%
    50–54 years 1,523,551 6.5%
    55–59 years 1,454,332 6.2%
    60–64 years 1,299,397 5.6%
    65–69 years 1,188,999 5.1%
    70–74 years 887,716 3.8%
    75–79 years 652,657 2.8%
    80–84 years 460,549 2.0%
    85 years and over 486,842 2.1%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics[41]

Country of birth

Of all residents over two-thirds (66.7% or 15,614,835) were born in Australia. Over a quarter of the population (26.3% or 6,163,667 persons) said they were born overseas, plus 1.6 million did not state any response. The proportion of overseas-born people from Asia has increased from 33% in 2011 to 40%, while Europe has declined from 40% in 2011 to 34% in 2016.

Файл:Australian Residents by Country of Birth 2016 Census.png
Country of birth of Australian residents at 2016 census[42]

However, England (907,572 or 3.9% of Australia's population) remains the most common country of birth, followed by New Zealand (518,466 or 2.2%).[43][44] It was question 12 on the 2016 Census Household Paper Form.[32]

Шаблон:Pie chart

Country of Birth Population Percent of
population
Шаблон:Abbr
Шаблон:Flagicon Australia 15 614 835 66.7% [45]
New South Wales 4,899,090 65.5% [46]
Victoria 3,845,493 64.9% [47]
Queensland 3,343,657 71.1% [48]
South Australia 1,192,546 71.1% [49]
Western Australia 1,492,842 60.3% [50]
Tasmania 411,490 80.7% [51]
Northern Territory 157,531 68.8% [52]
Australian Capital Territory 269,682 68.0% [53]
Total, Overseas-born 6 163 667 26.3%
Oceania
Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand 518,462 2.2% [54]
Europe
Шаблон:Flagicon England 907,572 3.9% [43]
Шаблон:Flagicon Scotland 119,420 0.4% [55]
Шаблон:Flagicon Wales 28,047 0.1% [56]
Шаблон:Flagicon Northern Ireland 23,025 0.1% [57]
Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 174,044 0.7% [58]
Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 102,595 0.4% [59]
Шаблон:Flagicon Greece 93,745 0.4% [60]
Шаблон:Flagicon Republic of Ireland 74,895 0.4% [61]
Шаблон:Flagicon Netherlands 70,174 0.3% [62]
Шаблон:Flagicon Poland 45,365 0.2% [63]
Шаблон:Flagicon Croatia 43,681 0.2% [64]
Шаблон:Flagicon France 31,124 0.1% [65]
Шаблон:Flagicon Portugal 15,809 0.1% [66]
Шаблон:Flagicon Spain 15,396 0.1% [67]
Other European Countries
Asia
Шаблон:Flagicon ChinaШаблон:Efn 509,557 2.2% [68]
Шаблон:Flagicon India 455,388 1.9% [69]
Шаблон:Flagicon Philippines 232,384 1.0% [70]
Шаблон:Flagicon Vietnam 219,357 0.9% [71]
Шаблон:Flagicon Malaysia 138,365 [72]
Шаблон:Flagicon Sri Lanka 109,853 [73]
Шаблон:Flagicon South Korea 98,775 0.4% [74]
Шаблон:Flagicon Hong Kong 86,888 - [75]
Шаблон:Flagicon Lebanon 78,651 - [76]
Шаблон:Flagicon Indonesia 73,217 [77]
Шаблон:Flagicon Iraq 67,355 [78]
Шаблон:Flagicon Thailand 66,231 [79]
Шаблон:Flagicon Pakistan 61,915 [80]
Шаблон:Flagicon Iran 58,106 [81]
Africa
Шаблон:Flagicon South Africa 162,448 0.7% [82]
America
Шаблон:Flagicon United States 86,133 0.4% [83]
Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 43,049 [84]
Polynesia
Шаблон:Flagicon Fiji 61,473 [85]
Not stated 1,636,000 7.0% [86]
Totals, Australia 23,401,892 100.0%
Source: Bureau of Statistics[45][86]

Culture, ancestry and language

Ancestry

The highest reported ancestries in Australia and for the external territory of Norfolk Island as a percentage of population.[87] Results of the ABS Census of Population and Housing, 2016 are as follows.[88]

Ancestry Number Percent
English 7,852,224 36.1
AustralianШаблон:Refn 7,298,243 33.5
Irish 2,388,058 11.0
Scottish 2,023,470 9.3
Chinese 1,213,903 5.6
Шаблон:Small

External territories

Norfolk Island
Ancestry Number Percentage
Australian 553 22.8%
English 543 22.4%
Pitcairn 484 20.0%
Scottish 145 6.0%
Irish 125 5.2%
Source[89]
Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders

There were 649,171 Indigenous Australians, who made up 2.8% of Australia's population.

Religion

Religious affiliation 2016 census
Number Percentage
Christian Шаблон:Loss 12 201 600 Шаблон:Loss 52.1%
    Anglican Шаблон:Loss 3,101,191 Шаблон:Loss 13.3%
    Baptist Шаблон:Gain 345,142 Шаблон:Gain 1.5%
    Catholic (Roman) Шаблон:Gain 5,291,830 Шаблон:Gain 22.6%
    Christianity (defined and not defined) Шаблон:Gain 768,649 Шаблон:Gain 6.3%
    Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodoxy, and Assyrian Apostolic Шаблон:Gain 567,680 Шаблон:Gain 2.1%
    Jehovah's Witnesses Шаблон:Loss 82,510 Шаблон:Loss 0.4%
    Latter-day Saints Шаблон:Gain 61,639 Шаблон:Gain 0.3%
    Lutheran Шаблон:Loss 174,019 Шаблон:Loss 0.7%
    Pentecostal Шаблон:Gain 260,560 Шаблон:Gain 1.1%
    Presbyterian and Reformed Шаблон:Loss 524,338 Шаблон:Loss 2.3%
    Salvation Army Шаблон:Loss 48,939 Шаблон:Loss 0.2%
    Seventh-day Adventist Шаблон:Gain 62,945 Шаблон:Gain 0.3%
    Uniting Church in Australia Шаблон:Loss 870,183 Шаблон:Loss 3.7%
Non-Christian 1 464 162 6.3%
    Buddhism 563,674 2.4%
    Hinduism 440,330 1.9%
    Islam 604,420 2.6%
    Judaism 91,022 0.4%
    Sikhism 125,901 0.5%
No Religion Шаблон:Gain 7,040,717 Шаблон:Gain 30.1%
Not stated or unclear Шаблон:Gain 2 238 735 Шаблон:Gain 9.6%
Australia Шаблон:Gain 23 401 892 Шаблон:Steady 100%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[90][91][92][93]

Language

Homelessness

The number of homeless people in Australia jumped by more than 14,000 – or 14 per cent – in the five years to 2016, according to census data. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) said 116,000 people were homeless on census night in 2016, representing 50 homeless people per 10,000.[94] The majority of homeless people in Australia were male.[95] In addition, Indigenous Australians and recent migrants were over-represented among the homeless.[95]

Gender

The 2016 census was the first to offer an option other than "male" or "female", however, this option was only available on a special version of the online form.[96][97] Some trans people criticized the difficulty in accessing this alternative form. The online nature of the census also prevented transmasculine people who checked the "male" box from answering questions about pregnancy and having children, as it would automatically skip those questions.

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist Шаблон:Notelist-ua Шаблон:Reflist

References

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