Английская Википедия:2020 Moldovan presidential election

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Politics of Moldova

Presidential elections were held in Moldova on 1 November.[1] The fourth direct elections since independence in 1991, voters had the possibility to either elect a new president or re-elect the incumbent Igor Dodon. Because no candidate received a majority of votes in the first round, a run-off between the top two candidates, Maia Sandu and Dodon, was held on 15 November. Maia Sandu won the second round with 57.72% of the vote,[2][3] becoming the first female President of the country and the first winner from the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS).

Electoral system

Eligibility requirements

The Constitution of Moldova (Article 78, Clause 2) defines four conditions that a presidential candidate must satisfy: Moldovan citizenship, at least 40 years of age, residence in Moldova for at least 10 years, and ability to speak the state language. Article 80 of the Constitution establishes a term limit: one individual cannot serve more than 2 terms in a row.[4]

Procedure

Candidates can be nominated by a political party, an electoral alliance, or run as independents. They have to collect at least 15,000 voter signatures in their support from at least half of Moldova's level 2 administrative territorial units with at least 600 signatures in each of them.[5] The election results can be considered valid only if the turnout is above or equal to 33%. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of the votes is elected president. If no candidate receives a majority of the votes, a second round between the top 2 candidates is held two weeks after the first round. The candidate with the largest number of votes in the second round then becomes president.[6]

Candidates

Candidate Current office held Nominating party/coalition Status
Igor Dodon[7] Incumbent President of Moldova Independent, supported by the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM) Шаблон:Yes[8]
Maia Sandu[9] Chairwoman of the PAS Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), supported by Pro Moldova Шаблон:Yes[8]
Andrei Năstase[10] Member of the Chișinău Municipal Council; Chairman of the PPDA Dignity and Truth Platform Party (PPDA), supported by Constantin Oboroc Шаблон:Yes[8]
Dorin Chirtoacă[11] Member of the Chișinău Municipal Council; Chairman of the PL Mișcarea Politică Unirea, formed by: Шаблон:Yes[8]
Octavian Țîcu[12] Member of Parliament; Chairman of the PUN National Unity Party (PUN) Шаблон:Yes[8]
Renato Usatîi Mayor of Bălți; Chairman of PN Our Party (PN) Шаблон:Yes[8]
Tudor Deliu Ex-Chairman of the PLDM Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova (PLDM) Шаблон:Yes[8]
Violeta Ivanov Member of Parliament Șor Party (PPȘ) Шаблон:Yes[8]
Andrian Candu Member of Parliament; Chairman of the PMP Pro Moldova Party (PPM) Шаблон:No[13]
Ion Costaș 1st Minister of Internal Affairs of Moldova Independent Шаблон:No[14]
Alexandr Kalinin Chairman of the PRM Party of Regions of Moldova (PRM) Шаблон:No[15]
Constantin Oboroc Ex-First Deputy Prime Minister of Moldova Independent Шаблон:No[16]
Serghei Toma Chairman of the POM Working People's Party (POM) Шаблон:No[17]

Campaign

The electoral campaign for the first round started on 2 October 2020 and ended on 30 October 2020.[18] The electoral campaign for the second round started on 2 November and ended on 13 November 2020.

First round

Igor Dodon

Файл:Dodon campaign logo.png
Logo of Dodon's campaign

Igor Dodon announced that he intended to run for reelection as an independent candidate on 9 September 2020.[19] His stated reason for running as such was the fact that, according to Moldovan law, the president cannot be a member of a political party. Dodon thought that running as a party's candidate could open the way for his opponents to contest the legitimacy of his participation at the constitutional court.[20]

On 21 September 2020, he presented the necessary signatures supporting him for registration to Central Election Commission of Moldova (CEC). The CEC declared that he would be listed fourth on the ballot if registered.[21] Igor Dodon formally launched his campaign on 2 October 2020. Shortly after doing this, he announced that he was not going to make use of billboards and that he would not, at least in the first round, take part in any debates.[22] On 6 October 2020, the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM) officially endorsed Dodon's candidacy.[23] Widely regarded as the most pro-Russian candidate on the ballot, Dodon advocated to codify into law the role of the Russian language, make studying Russian compulsory in schools and strengthening strategic partnership with Russia. Other key pillars of his campaign were preserving Moldova's territorial sovereignty, strengthening the social security system and promoting Christian and family values.[24]

After announcing the official end of his campaign for the first round on 30 October, Dodon stated that he had organized more than 240 meetings with voters in hundreds of cities and villages which allowed him to meet more than 45,000 people.[25]

Maia Sandu

Файл:Sandu campaign logo.png
Logo of Sandu's campaign

Maia Sandu announced her candidacy for the 2020 presidential election on 18 July 2020. She was nominated by the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) as a result of a decision made by the National Political Council of the party.[26] After running as a joint candidate of DA and PAS in 2016, she stated that in 2020, a joint pro-European candidate would not be needed as there was not a risk of there being no pro-European candidates in the second round of the election.[27] On 23 September, Sandu announced that her team managed to collect 30,000 signatures in her favor, out of which only 25,000 (the maximum number allowed) were presented to the CEC.[28] After registering Sandu's candidacy, CEC announced that she would be listed sixth on the ballot.

On 2 October 2020, Sandu officially launched her campaign. During her campaign launch event, Sandu held 2 speeches, one in Romanian and one in Russian, promising to fight corruption, poverty and to reform the criminal justice system.[29] Other priorities of her campaign were reducing unemployment, raising the minimum pension to 2,000 lei (around 114 USD) and building closer ties with the European Union.[30] Sandu's campaign accused her main opponent, the incumbent president Dodon, of deliberately hindering criminal justice system reform, poor management of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact, usage of administrative resources in his campaign and attempts to rig the election.[31][32][33][34] Sandu tried multiple times to organize a debate with Dodon, which the latter refused to attend.[35]

On 30 October 2020, Sandu officially announced the end of her campaign for the first round, saying that she managed to visit all of Moldova's districts and organize over 300 meetings with voters.[36]

Renato Usatîi

Файл:Renato Usatîi campaign logo.png
Logo of Usatîi's campaign

On 27 July 2020, Renato Usatîi announced that he wanted the people to decide whether he should run for president in 2020.[37] During a press conference, he asked people to record short videos in which they would express their views on his potential candidacy and send them to him before 27 August 2020. On 26 August 2020, Usatîi posted a YouTube compilation video with people expressing support for his candidacy and claimed that tens of thousands of people asked him to run for president.[38] The next day, Usatîi organized an open air press conference during which he officially announced his candidacy for the 2020 elections.[39]

On 7 September 2020, Usatîi was the second candidate to submit the necessary signatures supporting him to the CEC. Later, it was announced that he would be listed first on the ballot. Usatîi's campaign officially started on 2 October 2020. During his campaign launch event, he promised to serve and represent the people, fight corruption and nepotism and solve all issues faced by voters.[40] During his campaign, Usatîi emerged as a very fierce critic of the incumbent president Dodon. Usatîi accused him of spending a week in a luxury resort financed by taxpayer money,[41] fabricating opinion polls,[42] illegally spying on his campaign[43] and attempting to rig the election by paying Moldovan citizens from Transnistria to vote for him.[44] He also organized events to protest against Dodon[45] and promised to prosecute him if elected.[46] Dodon refused to address Usatîi's accusations and declared that he wanted to focus instead on concrete policies.[47]

Widely considered a populist candidate, Usatîi declared that if elected, he would organize snap parliamentary elections, eradicate corruption by forming a Moldovan equivalent of Mossad, abolish district authorities and intensify economic cooperation with Romania and Ukraine.[48] Usatîi organized multiple meetings with voters and participated in two televised debates.[49][50]

Usatîi officially announced the end of his campaign for the first round on 30 October 2020.[51]

After his elimination in the first round, Usatîi advised his supporters to vote against Dodon in the second round but did not specifically endorse Sandu.[52]

Violeta Ivanov

In May 2020, Violeta Ivanov left the Democratic Party of Moldova and joined the Șor Party.[53] Shortly after, she became the vice-president of the Șor Party's parliamentary faction.

In August 2020, several media outlets speculated that Ivanov was going to participate in the presidential election.[54] This was confirmed on 6 September 2020, when Ilan Shor announced that Ivanov was the party's candidate for presidency.[55] Ivanov officially started her campaign on 2 October 2020. Her campaign prioritized regional development, improvements in agriculture, strengthening the social security and healthcare systems and fighting corruption.[56] During the campaign, several members of the Pro Moldova parliamentary group endorsed Ivanov.[57]

After the first round concluded, Sandu accused the Șor Party of indirectly bribing voters through their network of social stores.[58] Shor rejected Sandu's accusations and said that his actions should be seen not as bribing but as "investments on the people".[59]

After Ivanov's elimination in the first round, Ilan Shor advised the Șor Party's voters to vote for the candidate that would support the party's program and did not explicitly endorse any of the candidates in the second round.[60]

Andrei Năstase

At the start of 2020, Andrei Năstase promoted the idea of there being a joint pro-European candidate for the 2020 elections, a candidate who was not a member of any political party and would be supported by all the right-wing and unionist parties of Moldova.[61] After the negotiations for a joint candidate failed, Năstase announced on 2 March 2020 that he would participate in the presidential elections.[62]

On 3 October 2020, Năstase officially started his campaign.[63] It focused on eradicating corruption, reforming the judiciary, raising the minimum pension to 2500 lei (around 143 USD), improving Moldova's international credibility, building closer ties with the European Union, promoting family values and preserving national culture.[64] Throughout his campaign, Năstase emphasized that, according to opinion polls, he was the only one able to beat incumbent President Dodon in a potential runoff and that Sandu would lose in the second round in the same way she did in the 2016 elections. On 15 October, Năstase publicly asked Sandu to withdraw her candidacy and endorse him for president.[65] Sandu refused his proposal saying that the candidate with the most votes in the first round should be the one facing Dodon in the runoff.[66]

After being eliminated in the first round, Năstase announced his unconditional support for Maia Sandu in the second round.[67]

Tudor Deliu

Deliu, a parliamentarian from the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, launched his candidacy from his home village of Malcoci at the beginning of October. He espoused separation of powers, emphasizing the need to reduce corruption in the judiciary. He also promised to defend human rights of all citizens, including minorities, and to sign a trade agreement with the European Union.[68]

Octavian Țîcu

Octavian Țîcu announced that he intended to participate in the presidential elections in October 2019.[69] On 25 July 2020, the Republican Political Council of the National Unity Party officially nominated Țîcu as the party's candidate for the presidency.[70] On 3 October 2020, Țîcu announced that he was denied registration by the CEC and accused incumbent president Dodon of being the man behind the CEC's decision.[71] Two days later, the CEC revised its decision and registered Țîcu as a candidate.[72]

Țîcu officially launched his campaign on 7 October 2020. His program underlined five main priorities: snap parliamentary elections, ending the international isolation of Moldova, reunification of Moldova's infrastructure with that of Romania, adapting Moldova's education system to Romanian standards and forming a unified security system with Romania and NATO.[73]

Țîcu endorsed Maia Sandu in the second round.[74]

Dorin Chirtoacă

In June 2020, the Mișcarea Politică Unirea (MPU) promoted the idea of a joint unionist candidate for the 2020 elections.[75] Its proposal was mainly aimed at the National Unity Party, another unionist party that planned on participating in the presidential elections.[76] After it became clear that the negotiations would most likely fail, the MPU nominated Dorin Chirtoacă for the presidency but emphasized that they were still open to the idea of there being a joint candidate.[77]

On 29 September 2020, Chirtoacă submitted the necessary signatures in his support to the CEC and sharply criticized the fact that the signature collection requirement was kept in place during the COVID-19 pandemic.[78] After initially invalidating a large portion of the signatures Chirtoacă presented,[79] which could have resulted in him being denied registration, the CEC revised its decision and registered him as a candidate on 5 October 2020.[80]

Chirtoacă officially launched his campaign on 10 October 2020.[81] Being one of the explicitly unionist candidates, Chirtoacă's campaign rested on the advantages of a potential unification of Moldova and Romania including higher wages, pensions and subsidies in agriculture, improvements in healthcare, reductions in unemployment, decentralization, regional development and increased security provided by NATO. During his campaign, Chirtoacă repeatedly accused incumbent president Dodon of cooperating with the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, sharing secret documents with Russian security agencies and being financed by Russia.[82]

Chirtoacă endorsed Maia Sandu in the second round.[83]

Second round

Igor Dodon

On 3 November, during the second round of the electoral campaign, while Dodon was talking about Sandu, he modified a proverb and said Шаблон:Lang, meaning "do not change the pigeon on your hand by the magpie on the fence" and referring to himself as the "pigeon". Many memes were spread on Moldovan social media based on this statement of Dodon.[84][85] After this, Moldovan citizens opposing Dodon, including members of the diaspora who were attacked by him earlier, started calling him a Шаблон:Lang ("pigeon").[86][87][88] Sandu responded to this the next day by declaring that "an injured pigeon came out to the press and began to chant songs of mourning",[88][89] later uploading a video on her TikTok account feeding pigeons and saying that "they are not at fault".[90]

Maia Sandu

Sandu's entry to the second round set up a rematch of the 2016 Moldovan presidential election, where Dodon defeated Sandu by less than 5 percent. Mindful of this result, Sandu warned supporters about "potential for foreign interference and fraud to affect the outcome".[91]

Debates

According to Central Election Commission regulations, organizers had to ensure equal access to the debates for all candidates and conduct them in a fair and impartial manner.[92] Five TV channels organized debates: Moldova 1, ProTV Chișinău, Jurnal TV, TVR Moldova and TV8. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, at most three candidates were simultaneously present at each debate.

Televised debates
Dates Organizer(s) Moderator(s) Number of debates organized Reference
19.10.2020 - 28.10.2020 Moldova 1 \ Promo-LEX Oxana Mititelu, Pavel Postica 8 [93]
19.10.2020 - 29.10.2020 ProTV Chișinău Lorena Bogza 8 [94]
07.10.2020 - 30.10.2020 TVR Moldova Mihai Rădulescu 17 [95]
26.10.2020 - 29.10.2020 TV8 Mariana Rață 4 [96]
26.10.2020 Jurnal TV Dumitru Mișin 2 [97]

Opinion polls

First round

Date Source Sample size Igor Dodon

Шаблон:Small

Maia Sandu

Шаблон:Small

Renato Usatîi

Шаблон:Small

Ilan Șor[98]

Шаблон:Small

Andrei Năstase

Шаблон:Small

Pavel Filip

Шаблон:Small

Other None of the above Undecided
16/07-23 August 2020 IRI poll 2,017 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 7% 1% 3% 3% 12% TBD 23%
5-20 August 2020 ASDM poll 1,191 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 7% TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
14-26 July 2020 iData 1,214 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 4.2% 3.9% 2.5% 2.4% 6.1% 35.4% 10.9%
14-24 July 2020 ASDM 1,175 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 5.1% Шаблон:N/a 7.5% 4.3% 4.3% 21.1% 4.1%
2-9 July 2020 Intellect 1,172 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 8.3% 9.4% 1.6% 1.5% 2.5% Шаблон:N/a 22.7%
20-27 June 2020 ASDM 1127 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 4.1% Шаблон:N/a 5.5% 1.9% Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:N/a 26.8%
12-23 June 2020 BOP 1,200 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 2.4% 1.5% 1.3% 0.4% 1.0% 0.5% 59.4%
23-31 May 2020 FOP 1767 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 4% Шаблон:N/a 5% 2.2% 5% 9.9% 13.8%
5-11 May 2020 CBS-Research 1003 Шаблон:Partial Шаблон:Partial 3.7% 1.0% 2.5% 1.5% 1.2% 0.9% 57.6%

Second round

Sandu vs. Dodon

Source Date Sample size Sandu

Шаблон:Small

Dodon

Шаблон:Small

Undecided Will not vote
Timpul 3-7 November 2020 1,086 Шаблон:Yes 48.5% Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:N/a
ADM poll 5-20 August 2020 1,200 44% Шаблон:Yes Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:N/a
iData 14-26 July 2020 1,200 34.3% Шаблон:Yes Шаблон:N/a 25.2%
BOP 12-23 June 2020 1,200 Шаблон:Yes 29.1% 14.1% 23.5%

Usatîi vs. Dodon

Source Date Sample size Usatîi

Шаблон:Small

Dodon

Шаблон:Small

Undecided Will not vote
BOP 12-23 June 2020 1,200 26.3% Шаблон:Yes 16.4% 30.1%

Năstase vs. Dodon

Source Date Sample size Năstase

Шаблон:Small

Dodon

Шаблон:Small

Undecided Will not vote
BOP 12-23 June 2020 1,200 24.7% Шаблон:Yes 13.9% 30.7%

Năstase vs. Usatîi

Source Date Sample size Năstase

Шаблон:Small

Usatîi

Шаблон:Small

Undecided Will not vote
BOP 12-23 June 2020 1,200 22.3% Шаблон:Yes 17.1% 34.2%

Sandu vs. Usatîi

Source Date Sample size Sandu

Шаблон:Small

Usatîi

Шаблон:Small

Undecided Will not vote
BOP 12-23 June 2020 1,200 Шаблон:Yes 22.9% 15.3% 29%

Results

Шаблон:Election results

Analysis

Файл:2020 Moldovan presidential election map.svg
Results of the 2020 Moldovan presidential election. The left map shows the winner in the first round by territorial electoral commissions. The right map shows the winner in the second round by territorial electoral commissions.

The first round of the election was characterized by a historically high turnout of the diaspora. Moldovans living abroad were responsible for 15% of the cast ballots.[99] As expatriates voted overwhelmingly for Maia Sandu, their high turnout is considered one of the main reasons for her first-round win. Because most polls gave an edge to incumbent president Dodon, Maia Sandu's result was considered unexpected by experts.[100] Multiple analysts voiced the opinion that Renato Usatîi, who came in third and positioned himself as a centrist, was expected to play a decisive role in the second round by announcing his support for one of the two candidates.[101][102] Usatîi later advised people who voted for him to vote against Dodon in the second round.

An exit poll from the day of the second round suggested Sandu had won with 54.8% of the vote.[103] The actual results (released later) showed Sandu winning by a larger margin, with 57.72% of the vote.[2][3] Sandu's victory was again helped by her lead in the diaspora's vote. Sandu nevertheless won 51% of votes on Moldova alone.[104]

Aftermath

International reactions

Fraud allegations

Moldovan President Igor Dodon alleged multiple voting irregularities including the prevention of Transnistrians from voting, organized transportation of voters in EU countries and interference from foreign leaders.[120] Dodon said that he would consider conceding defeat if the courts found nothing inappropriate in the voting process. He said "if the courts found that everything is okay, then we will put a full stop there". He also said that he was congratulating Sandu as a precaution.[121]

In 2021, leaked documents from the German newspaper Bild showed Russia supported the campaign for the 2020 Moldovan presidential election of Dodon and other candidates considered "friendly" to the country. According to these claims, Russia would have spent some 11.4 million euros, 4 million of which would have directly gone for Dodon and the other candidates themselves. Similar claims were made by Usatîi already in November 2020. PSRM denied these claims and announced it would file a lawsuit against the German newspaper and all Moldovan media "that took part in the dissemination of this blatant slander".[122]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Moldovan presidential elections Шаблон:Moldovan elections

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,7 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Maia Sandu este candidata PAS la alegerile prezidențiale din Republica Moldova, G4Media, 18 iulie 2020
  10. ↑ Andrei Năstase este candidatul PPDA la alegerile prezidențiale, ProTV, 4 iunie 2020
  11. ↑ Dorin Chirtoacă, candidat la prezidențiale din partea Mișcării Politice Unirea, ProTV, 29 iunie 2020
  12. ↑ Octavian Țîcu, liderul PUN, va candida pentru funcția de președinte în 2020, Unimedia, 1 February 2020
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  65. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  66. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  67. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  68. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  69. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  70. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  71. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  72. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  73. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  74. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  75. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  77. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  79. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  80. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  81. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  83. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  84. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  85. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  86. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  87. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  88. ↑ 88,0 88,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  89. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  90. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  91. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  92. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  93. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  94. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  95. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  96. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  97. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  98. ↑ In some polls a candidate from the Șor Party is mentioned
  99. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  100. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  101. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  102. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  103. ↑ Pro-EU candidate Sandu leads in Moldova presidential election run-off - exit poll Reuters, 15 November 2020
  104. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web.
  105. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  106. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  107. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  108. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  109. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  110. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  111. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  112. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  113. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  114. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  115. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  116. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  117. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  118. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  119. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  120. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  121. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  122. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:2020_Moldovan_presidential_election&oldid=12800007